The rotor shaft of the turbocharger is the part that determines the life of the bearing unit. Various methods of restoring the working capacity of the rotor shaft have been developed. The most common of them-treatment for repair size and applying a layer of metal coating in various ways. After that, the rotor shaft is subjected to dynamic balancing, in order to ensure the minimum allowable imbalance. Stands on the basis of microprocessor-based two-plane balancing device PB-02M are widely used in the repair industry at the present time. The article deals with the process of dynamic balancing of restored rotors. The features of this process in relation to the conditions of repair production are noted. This is a large range of repaired units and the instability of the size of the bearing surfaces after the restoration. It is necessary to adjust the balancing device for each rotor. The case in which the initial rotor imbalance is much higher than the permissible one is also considered. It is necessary to carry out balancing in several stages. Pre-balancing - this is the first stage. Then the final balancing is made to the permissible imbalance value. The article presents a general algorithm for balancing rotors on balancing stands equipped with a measuring system based on the device PB-02M. The presented approach in the application of the measurement system allows to balance the parts with the required accuracy. This will ensure a high post-repair life of the repaired unit and the whole unit.

Keywords: turbocharger, rotor, repair, restoration, machine, balancing, adjustment, unbalance, device, algorithm

The problem of control of strength characteristics of agricultural machine parts by dynamic non-destructive methods of impact indentation of conical shape is considered. The quality of the most important parts is considered in terms of the set of mechanical characteristics that determine the strength, hardness, wear resistance and deformability. These characteristics should be known and be able to quickly and accurately control all parts both during production and during operation. The mechanical properties of metals are stochastic. For this purpose, a device for impact indentation was developed and a method based on the probabilistic laws of dispersion of mechanical characteristics was developed.

Keywords: agricultural machines, reliability, quality control, mechanical characteristics, Weibull law, non-destructive testing, impact indentation

The problem of recognition of defects in the surface layer of polished raceways of bearing rings according to the fractal dimension of the signals of the eddy current sensor is considered

Keywords: fractal dimension, defect recognition, recognition algorithm

Radio-photon sensor systems represent a wide range of measurement information systems that use today's standardized parallel and sequential type optical analog chains with filtering, which allows to functionally display information received in the optical range in the radio frequency. One of the main, most widely used elements in the RPSS, which solves the problems of forming, filtering and measuring the conversion of optical radiation, including for the stage of further generation of radio-frequency carriers, is the fiber Bragg grating. The cumulative analysis made it possible to propose for the design of RFSSS a new class of sensors - address fiber Bragg structures (AFBS) constructed on the basis of FBG with two symmetrical discrete phase shifts or two identical FBGs potentially having improved metrological and technical and economic characteristics, as well as enhanced functionality compared with existing, widely used resonance sensors, based on the effects of Bragg and Fabry-Perot in fiber optics. AFBS, by its designation, should become a multifunctional element of the RPSS that act as sensors, formers of two-frequency optical radiation, the basis for generating in each of them a unique difference radio frequency carrying measurement information, which is also the address for their multiplexing. This made it possible to propose a new, separate class of the RPSS, which was named "Radiophotonic sensor systems on adressed fiber Bragg structures", the hierarchical classifier for the creation of which was the main subject of this article.

Keywords: radio-photon sensor system, addressed fiber Bragg structure, integrated fiber-optic sensor, interrogation, multiplexing, hierarchical classifier of construction problems, system approach

The article deals with the theoretical substantiation and computer modeling of an optical vector spectrum analyzer based on asymmetric optical two-band modulation using a parallel two-channel Maha-Zehnder modulator. The proposed method and device make it possible to achieve twice the measurement range in comparison with the classical optical vector analyzer based on single-band modulation and to realize a simpler and more reliable configuration in comparison with the previously presented amplitude asymmetric optical vector analyzer with two sidebands. It can be possible to measure the frequency characteristics of a fiber Bragg grating with a width of up to 0.5 nm (60 GHz) with a resolution of up to 1 MHz (about 5-10 fm) using electrooptical modulators with a bandwidth of up to 30 GHz.

Keywords: optical spectrum analyzer, two-frequency modulation, frequency asymmetry, measurement range, fiber Bragg grating

This article describes the approbation of the humidity sensor in the real operating conditions of the road. The authors have developed a protective design of humidity sensors that meets the requirements for their laying in the ground floor, developed a mobile portable data reader. The technology of calibration, calibration and laying of sensors in the soil of the roadbed is presented. The analysis of the data obtained after calibration of the sensors.

Keywords: the soil subgrade, moisture monitoring in the conditions of the road, the humidity sensors

The article is devoted to the increasing role of new operational methods of Express diagnosis of diesel engines equipped with modern fuel equipment with electronic control, which allow non-destructive testing of technical condition. The method of rapid diagnosis of diesel engines of automotive equipment equipped with an electronic fuel system. Thus, the developed method of rapid diagnosis using a multi-cycle auto scan and diagnostic kit "Tester CR" allows to determine the technical condition of all elements of the power system "Common Rail" for any diesel engine, where such a system is provided, without dismantling the fuel pump and EGF.

Keywords: Express diagnosis, technical diagnostics, fault, diesel, electronic control unit, fuel equipment, fuel pump, electro-hydraulic nozzle

The main disadvantages of the methods of diagnosing the cylinder-piston group used at present are indicated in the article. Mathematical dependencies and the technique of technical diagnosing of a cylinder-piston group of diesel engines with a cold starting cranking of a cranked shaft developed on their basis are offered.

Keywords: engine, cylinder-piston group, compression,diagnosis, cold idle cranking of the crankshaft

The article demonstrates a computer model of a fiber-optic sensor implemented on the basis of a two-frequency optoelectronic generator (OEG) for measuring lateral pressure. In the loop of the optoelectronic generator, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a phase shift is applied to which a transverse pressure is applied to guide the birefringence and create two orthogonally polarized transparency windows, which leads to the generation of two optical frequencies. The difference frequency of the beats between the two optical frequencies lies in the microwave range and depends on the magnitude of the pressure applied to the FBG. It was modeled that the sensitivity and the minimum detectable pressure are ~ 10 GHz / (N / mm) and 2.5 × 104 (N / mm), respectively. The high frequency and stability of the generated microwave component of the optoelectronic generator provide an extremely reliable and highly accurate measurement. Frequency survey allows the system to operate at high speed. In addition, the measurements are insensitive to changes in the ambient temperature and the wavelength of the optical carrier.

Keywords: transverse pressure, fiber optic sensor, fiber Bragg grating with phase shift, birefringence, optoelectronic generator, two-frequency optical signal with microwave frequency difference frequency

In the present article the current state and the main problems of nondestructive control methods of working shovels of turbomachines are considered, scopes of nondestructive control methods in a flowing part of turbomachines are defined. The main control methods are considered; the reasons limiting possibilities of these methods are defined; the geometry of shovels, stream parameters, the main defects are defined; are considered hot and cold start-up; gasdynamic control methods are analysed; acoustic control methods, the systems of scanning of a cut of a nozzle are defined; the analysis of systems capable to exercise control of operability of a flowing part of turbomachines is carried out; the mathematical models describing acoustic processes in a flowing part of turbomachines and a way of their improvement are designated. The current state of works on creation of the methods and control devices aimed at improvement of metrological characteristics and expansion of functionality of an acoustic method of nondestructive control of working shovels of a flowing part of turbomachines on a nozzle cut is analysed. For control of working shovels of a flowing part of turbomachines it is necessary to use informative and reliable parameters in complex structure of their understanding. Defects in working shovels of a flowing part of turbomachines are found in operation at surveys by various devices therefore development of the minimum defect to greatest possible can happen for a short time interval that will lead to an emergency. The existing means of regular control прогар shovels don't come to light because of the depth or a sektornost for the reason that defects of motionless parts is insignificant a little influence vibration characteristics of the engine in general. Whereas defects in mobile parts can be revealed also sensors of vibration.

Keywords: distributed fiber systems, аero acoustic control, acoustic field, process simulation, recovery

The present article is devoted to development and a research of the distributed fiber systems of aero acoustic control of parameters of an air-gas stream on a cut of a nozzle of turbomachines. The main emphasis is placed on development and to a research of the distributed fiber systems on the basis of control methods the using multiplexed fiber-optical sensors of control of parameters of an air-gas stream on a cut of a nozzle of the turbomachines using advantages of optical methods of information transfer and the device for his realization. The principles of creation of the complex systems of aero acoustic cartography complemented with methods and measuring instruments of gasdynamic parameters of a stream in a flowing part and on a cut of a nozzle of the turbomachines directed to increase in informational content and level of algorithmization of nondestructive control of a condition of working shovels and providing data acquisition in the conditions of parametrical and structural uncertainty of an air-gas stream as on controlled internal sections of a flowing part, and on output section on a turbomachine cut are defined. Problems of placement of points of control and restoration of spatial distribution of the field of measurements in discrete set of points separately are considered. Restoration of the acoustic field of turbomachines is implemented according to measurements at the exit of WATERS, only using statistical approach. Restoration of the field is presented in the form of continuous functions of spatial coordinates by results of measurement in discrete set of points in the presence of aprioristic information on properties of the measured fields. Statistical approaches for determination of coordinates of sensors and an error of restoration on the example of one model problem of control of the field of the radiation created by the continuous exclusive radiator are used. Results of calculations show that existence of correlation between coefficients of decomposition of the field of radiation on functions, leads to reduction, necessary for achievement of the set accuracy of restoration of number of sensors.

Keywords: distributed fiber systems, аero acoustic control, acoustic field, process simulation, recovery

The multi-advantageous fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) have attracted considerable interest from developers of various optical systems, including communication systems with spectral and code multiplexing, as well as fiber-optic and radio-photon sensor systems. The complexity and high cost of multiplexing and interrogation of complex fiber-optic sensors (CFOS) is still the main limitation for the widespread introduction of sensory systems, both distributed and quasi-distributed, and point-type.This article proposes a new multiplexing method that takes advantage of both broadband fiber-optic and dual-frequency or polyharmonic radio-photon sensor systems. The simplest broadband radiator is taken from the first, but a complex and expensive system of spectrometry is not used to determine the central wavelength of the FBG. From the second, a recording system is used at the beat frequency between two components, but an expensive system for generating two- or polyharmonic sounding systems is not used. The multiplexing parameter is determined by the frequency of separation between two identical over-narrow-band FBGs, which differs by a certain amount from each of the CFOS and, in fact, generates its address. At the same time, FBG-based structures remain a sensitive element of the systems. Thus, a new class of sensitive elements is formed - address fiber Bragg structures (AFBS).

Keywords: radio-photon sensor system, address fiber Bragg structure, integrated fiber-optic sensor, interrogation, multiplexing, two identical over-narrow-band fiber Bragg gratings, frequency spacing, address

In this paper, it is shown that the noise of the photodetector device (PD) is the dominant factor limiting the metrological characteristics in real distributed fiber-optic temperature sensors based on Raman scattering (RDTS), which contribute significantly to the process of signal noise using the example of the RDTS taking into account the noise of the PD, which was chosen as the avalanche photodiode (APD). The analysis of the main types of noise in the model of an APD in the model, including both basic PD noise, and characteristic for APDs, for example, their influence on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The graphs of the dependence of the influence of noise on the RDTS, derived from the SNR ratio, are given and conclusions are drawn about the predominance of some noise over others under different conditions, based on their.

Keywords: distributed fiber optic temperature sensor, avalanche photodiode, shot noise, dark noise, thermal noise, amplitude noise, signal-noise ratio, random number distribution law

The article considers the data of experimental studies of vibroacoustic characteristics of cranes on the railway track. The conducted researches helped to reveal identical regularities in the spectral composition of noise in cranes on the railway run of various models, which allows to develop a general approach to modeling of vibro-acoustic dynamics of these nodes.

Keywords: cranes on the railway run, working conditions, harmful and dangerous production factors

This article presents a new two-frequency method for determining the center frequency of a resonant microwave sensor for monitoring the curing reactions of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins and adhesives. The results show that non-invasive, continuous and continuous monitoring of the dielectric properties of polymers can be realized, which will allow to control the adequate evolution of the curing process according to known initial conditions. Examples of experimental measurements during the cure reaction of polyurethane adhesives were selected to illustrate the effect of the method. In comparison with the known methods, this method allows to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of measurements and their accuracy by performing the measurement procedure for the maximum signal and to the region of the minimal noises of the envelope detector. As a method development, in the conclusion, a method of variation of the difference frequency and microwave sensors in forbidden bands was proposed, which is due to the obtained results only from the measurement of the central frequency and the existing need to make measurements in real time and in a complicated interference situation, taking into account the changing quality factor and the reflection coefficient of the resonance sensor. The article did not focus on the simplicity and cost of the implemented device. However, the obviousness of this allows us to use the system as a means of control both for the production of polymers and for their laboratory research.

Keywords: microwave technologies, thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, microwave measurements, resonance sensor, two-frequency symmetric probing, beat envelope, central frequency, dielectric constant, degree of curing

In this paper, we present a new two-frequency method for determining the resonant frequency, transmission bandwidth, reflection coefficient, and quality factor of a resonant microwave sensor for monitoring the curing reactions of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins and adhesives. The method was named - the method of variation of the difference frequency. The results show that non-invasive, continuous and continuous monitoring of the dielectric properties of polymers can be realized, which makes it possible to control the adequate evolution of the process of their curing by known initial conditions. The questions of the realization of the method are considered in the case of variations in the difference and mean frequencies of the probing oscillation, as well as the option for fixed sounding, provided that all four components of the two two-frequency oscillations are in the spectral band of the microwave sensor. In addition, an estimate is given for determining the error in measuring the resonance frequency when probing different zones of the spectral characteristics of the sensors from 0.1 to 0.707 of the maximum reflection value. The universality of the method makes it possible to use a measurement system based on it as a means of monitoring both the production of polymers and for laboratory research

Keywords: Microwave technology, thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, microwave measurements, resonance sensor, difference frequency variation method, beat envelope, resonant frequency, Q-factor, bandwidth, reflection coefficient, dielectric constant, degree of

The magnetic type of control is used to detect discontinuities (cracks, non-magnetic inclusions and other defects) in the surface layers of parts made of ferromagnetic materials and to reveal ferromagnetic inclusions in details from non-ferromagnetic materials. Methods based on the investigation of magnetic scattering fields after their magnetization have become widely used to detect discontinuities in the material of the base metal of pipes and welded joints of the main and auxiliary equipment of oil and gas producing complexes. In places of discontinuity, redistribution of the magnetic flux and a sharp change in the nature of the magnetic scattering field occur. The nature of the magnetic field of scattering is determined by the magnitude and shape of the defect, the depth of its occurrence, and its orientation relative to the direction of the magnetic flux. Surface defects such as cracks, oriented perpendicular to the magnetic flux, cause the appearance of the most pronounced magnetic scattering fields. Defects oriented along the magnetic flux practically do not cause the appearance of scattering fields. The review and analysis of existing external magnetic scanners - flaw detectors showed that when examining auxiliary equipment tubes for longitudinal and transverse defects, at least five scanner models - three for longitudinal and two for lateral scanners - should be available. As a result of the accumulated experience, the enterprise of LLC ""Antenor"", in Yoshkar-Ola, initiated scientific research to develop a competitive product that provides high operational efficiency of the main and auxiliary equipment of oil and gas production complexes on the basis of non-destructive technologies for monitoring the technical condition of pipeline transport. For this purpose, a prototype of a dry magnetic flaw detector (SMD) from a series of non-destructive testing instruments for magnetic flaw detection of metallurgical, construction and operational defects in the material of a pipeline element made of steel, its alloys and other ferromagnetic materials. Taking into account the peculiarities of the magnetic control of discontinuities in the surface layers of parts made of ferromagnetic materials, the main task in the design of the SMD-T ""SATURN"" was to provide a sufficiently powerful magnetic field capable not only to magnetize the pipe body, but also to provide sufficient force to hold the scanner at the object of investigation.

Keywords: pipeline, diagnostics, magnetic flaw detector, auxiliary equipment, gas and oil pipeline, prototype, testing, scanning, magnetic field

The article presents the results of an experimental study of methods and means of technical diagnostics of the engine cylinder-piston group during cold, idle scrolling of the crankshaft

Keywords: cylinder piston group, gas flow from the crankcase, technical conditions of the experiment

The legal status of water bodies implies special measures aimed at preserving and preventing negative processes within the boundaries of a water body. A zone with a special mode of use is the territory, within the boundaries of which the mode of using the object for the purpose of protection and (or) to protect the environment is established. In modern geodesy, special satellites are used that are part of the global positioning system. The object is tied to the existing geodetic network, the identification marks are laid in a minimal amount, then aerial photography is performed and the photoplans are “stitched”. The emergence of electronic and unmanned measuring instruments during a complex of geodetic works greatly facilitated the work of geodetic engineers, allowing them to increase the productivity and accuracy of work performed when using such instruments.

Keywords: water protection zone, zones with a special mode of use, water bodies, unmanned aerial vehicles, coastline, coastal protective strip, aerial photography, GNSS receivers, surveying equipment, orthophotomap

The paper considers the feasibility of creating unique laboratories on the territory of radon anomalies. Today there is a need to create unique regional radon laboratories, where the existing buildings themselves will be an emanation environment (camera), inside which it is possible to conduct a wide range of studies. The construction and rapid reconstruction of such laboratories with the use of innovative materials can be more effective in comparison with traditional construction practices. As a building material is proposed to use a wooden building block for the construction of low-rise buildings. Buildings and structures of this unit are quickly erected without the use of specialized equipment. It is also easy to dismantle the building and transfer it to another location, which is necessary for radon studies. The article identifies two principal provisions. The first is the possibility and the need to create laboratory "reference" polygons on radon anomalies to study various technical, design or methodological solutions that can radically change the radon situation inside the model of a real building. It does not exclude the combination of functions of several laboratories in one. Second-the construction and reconstruction of such a "reference" structure can be more effective in terms of both labor costs and terms of work, in comparison with traditional construction practice.

Keywords: radioactivity, radon, anomaly, laboratory, landfill, construction, reconstruction, innovation, building block, precast housing, waste management

This article presents the rationale for the selection of measuring instruments (strain gauges) for testing light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC) to determine the stress-strain state. Article discrebes in detail optimal sensor's installation locations, the required measures for correct value.

Keywords: thin-walled profile, test, frame, strain gauge, compression, tension, tension, bending, loss of stability

The technique of improving the quality of remote diagnostics of cars is proposed. This method makes it possible to learn real-time and real-time information about the status of the functional units of the car, thereby assessing its technical condition.

Keywords: remote diagnostics, car service, car

The urgency of estimating the content of nitrates in food products to ensure environmental safety at an individual level is discussed in the article. Data on the negative effect of increased nitrate content in plant foods on human health are given. The results of the study on the determination of the content of nitrates in food products using a household nitrate counter "Soek nuk-019-2" are discussed. This device makes a conclusion about the concentration of nitrates by comparing the reference electrical conductivity of different types of vegetables / fruits with the electrical conductivity of a particular controlled product. It is determined that exceeding the MPC is observed in potatoes and onions, which are sold through a network of stores that occupy leading positions in the prevalence in Taganrog. Excess of MAC in carrots is observed only in its central part (core). Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations are given to ensure the safety of food consumption.

Keywords: food safety, food, nitrate content, household nitrate

Today non-destructive methods are widely spread due to its mobility and accuracy. This article describes the main types of nondestructive testing commonly used in manufacturing and at the construction site, namely magnetic, eddy current, ultrasonic and visual. Describe the principle of each method and its key features.

Keywords: Non-destructive testing, mechanical characteristics, strength, hardness

This article describes the relevance of geodetic control. Briefly describes the existing and proposed methods of geodetic control. Also the special device for geodetic researches of industrial buildings and constructions is offered. This device is attached to the geodetic rail, it is fixed laser rangefinder. With this device it is possible to perform geodetic survey of building structures of an industrial building or structure without fixing reference points. The technical task of the claimed device is the joint use (fixation) of the standard laser rangefinder and geodetic rack due to the constructive execution of the device, in the production of geodetic works to determine the deflections of supporting structures of industrial, public and residential buildings. For verification of the claimed device was carried out surveying work for determining deflections of the roof trusses of an industrial enterprise. Conclusion: labor costs of geodetic works were reduced in comparison with traditional methods by an average of 20 – 30%.

Keywords: geodesy, laser rangefinder, survey rail, survey, device, building, structure, plate, bolt, thread, size