The article examines the architectural and artistic possibilities of facade structures and elements. The main architectural and artistic properties and components of facade structures and elements that create the shape of the facade surface are revealed. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the artistic possibilities of facade structures and elements are represented by a variety of types of decorative elements, geometric methods of developing their surfaces, specific visual properties, as well as various options for finishing with facade materials, surface detailing and shapes, and architectural possibilities of their use consist in a significant compositional diversity of spatial and volumetric characteristics, typological diversity of structures, the method of mounting and fastening to the facade plane.

Keywords: facade, surface, form, shaping, facade structures, architectural and artistic properties

The article discusses the architectural and artistic properties of facade cladding materials, which can be used to shape facade solutions. The main architectural and artistic properties and components of finishing materials are revealed, as well as ways of detailing them on a facade structure or element. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the artistic properties of facade materials depend on the expressive features of the surface and ways to change its structure, along with the variety of shapes and ways of its deformation, and the architectural properties lie in the constructive variety of installation and placement of material on the facade plane, as well as in its geometric variability.

Keywords: facade, surface, form, shaping, facing materials, artistic properties

The article reviews the evolution of the facades of buildings and structures in the context of the factors influencing their shaping from the prehistoric era to modern times on the example of European civilization. The main morphological and syntactic factors are identified, depending on which specific facade solutions are made for buildings and structures, a brief overview of the main artistic tools for decorating the external appearance of the building envelope is given. Based on the results of the review, it is noted that the attitude to the expressiveness of the facades of buildings and structures is formed under the influence of the political system and socio-cultural development in society, and the compositional and artistic tools for shaping facade solutions are compiled depending on the available building materials and skills in construction technologies.

Keywords: facade, shaping, appearance, evolution of facades, architectural syntax, decoration, artistic tools