Acidic impurities in the atmospheric air pose a certain threat to human health and contribute to the development of various diseases among the population, which is an urgent topic of research. The acidity of aerosols in the residential area of the village was studied . Vitriol (Sovetsky district, Volgograd), located in the zone of operation of industrial enterprises (tannery, production of building materials, etc.) for the spring-summer period of 2022. The selection of aerosol particles was carried out using passive monitors - leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L.) in the green infrastructure of the residential area of the village. Vitriolic. The study of the acidity index indicated the absence of acidic impurities in the atmospheric air of the residential zone, which corresponds to the normative values (pH = 5.5-6.5), (according to Svistov P.F., 2010).

Keywords: aerosols, environmental monitoring, residential areas, acidic impurities, pH

Monitoring of aerosols in the atmospheric air of residential areas of settlements ensures their environmental safety. Aerosol particles are capable of adsorbing various compounds, including metals, on their surface. It is known that heavy metals from the environment can penetrate into the human body and contribute to the development of various diseases. In this connection, their monitoring is relevant to ensure the environmental safety of residential areas of settlements. The purpose of the study was to study the indicators of the number and mass fraction of particles in the Sredneakhtuba district (Sredneakhtuba district, Volgograd region) for the spring-summer of 2019 in comparison with the conditionally clean zone. The material of the study was the leaves of Prunus armeniaca with aerosol particles. Leaves of Prunus armeniaca were placed in a glass container with 250 ml of distilled water, stirred for several minutes with a glass rod to wash particles from the surface of the leaves. As a result, aerosol suspensions were obtained, which were studied in terms of the number of particles and their mass fraction. The results obtained indicate almost the same amount of aerosol particles (PM10) in both territories. In terms of the mass fraction of aerosol particles (PM10), there is a significant excess of them in the experimental area. This fact may indicate the presence of metallic impurities in the aerosols of the residential area of ​​Srednyaya Akhtuba. At the same time, it should be noted that the high values ​​of the number of aerosol particles in the conditionally clean zone cast doubt on its status as a clean zone, since within a radius of 25 km. there is no anthropogenic load on it. The detected values ​​of aerosol particles give grounds to assume the action of a random factor (the introduction of aerosol pollution by transit air), or the action of an unknown natural source of pollution, which requires further research and study of the territory of a conditionally clean zone in combination with geochemical studies, etc.

Keywords: environmental monitoring, environmental risks, aerosols; number and mass fraction of particles

Monitoring of atmospheric air in settlements allows you to control the environmental situation there and predict environmental risks for the population. It is known that acidic impurities in the atmospheric air of urban areas affect the human respiratory system. The proven relationship between acidic aerosols from the atmospheric air and the functioning of the human respiratory system indicates the relevance of studies of monitoring acidic impurities in the atmospheric air in order to predict environmental risks for the population. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to monitor the aerosol acidity indicator in the residential area of ​​the Svetly Yar Republic (Svetloyarsk district of the Volgograd region) for the spring-summer period in 2019 and predict environmental risks for the population. The material for the study was aerosol particles from the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) from the village of Svetly Yar (Svetloyarsk district of the Volgograd region), from which aerosol suspensions were prepared and which were studied in terms of acidity (pH). The studies carried out made it possible to identify acidic impurities in aerosols in the village. Light Yar (pH = 4.56 + 0.028). This fact indicates the environmental risks for the population associated with the acidic environment of aerosols, since it is known that acidic air pollution can aggravate asthma, promote the development of bronchospasms, and inhibit the respiratory system. It is required to identify sources of pollution in order to develop environmental measures to protect the population from acidic impurities in the atmosphere.

Keywords: monitoring,aerosols, acidity, pH, urban environment, environmental risks

Monitoring the acidity index of aerosols is one of the directions of ensuring the ecological safety of settlements. The purpose of this work was to study the acidity index (pH) of aerosol suspensions (washing off aerosols from the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) obtained in the village of Sredny Akhtuba (Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region) in the spring-summer of 2019. Leaves with aerosol particles served as the material for the study. of one species of woody plants (apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca)), where 1 sample was 300-400 cm2 of leaf surface area. In the experimental territory and in the conditionally clean zone, a total of 200 samples were studied. Thus, 1 sample of leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) was placed in a glass container with 250 ml of distilled water, stirred for several minutes with a glass rod to wash off particles from the surface of the leaves.As a result, aerosol suspensions were obtained, which were further investigated in terms of acidity (pH). electrochemical equipment of the "MULTEST" series (Russia). To verify the insignificance of the differences in the samples, we used the apparatus for testing the hypotheses about the homogeneity of the samples - the nonparametric Kruskal - Wallis test. Statistical hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. All necessary calculations were performed in the R statistical package (version 3.6.1, R Core Team 2020). The results of testing the hypotheses indicate that there are no statistically significant differences within each study area. Thus, at a significance level of α = 0.05, the hypotheses about the homogeneity of the samples are recognized as significant, and accordingly, they can be compared. The studies carried out made it possible to establish acidic aerosols in the atmosphere of Srednyaya Akhtuba compared to the conditionally clean zone (SNT "Oroshenets", "Shelf"), which indicates environmental risks for the population.

Keywords: environmental safety, monitoring, aerosols, acidity, pH, urban environment

The quality of atmospheric air in residential areas of settlements and human health largely depends on the main indicators of aerosol particles. The purpose of this work was to study aerosol parameters (number and mass fraction of particles; surface density of particles) and specific pollution of the territory of the settlement of Sredny Akhtuba, Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region under conditions of anthropogenic load of construction industry enterprises in 2018. Research objectives: selection of leaves of apricot trees with expected dust-like particles in Srednyaya Akhtuba and in a conditionally clean zone (gardening non-profit partnership (SNT) "Oroshenets", "Shelf"); preparation of aerosol suspensions; study of the mass fraction of particles D (dp),%; the number of particles (Np,%); the index of the surface density of aerosol particles (m0, μg · cm − 2) in the green infrastructure; calculation of the specific area of ​​the total pollution of the territory of the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn by particles, including fine dust (PM2.5; PM10). The conducted studies allow us to conclude that the specific area of ​​aerosol pollution in the territory of the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn is 3 times higher than in the conditionally clean zone. The surface density of particles (РМ2.5) on the territory of the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn is 108 higher than the values ​​in comparison with the conditionally clean zone (SNT "Oroshenets", "Shelf"); PM2.5-10 - 28 times; coarse dust (PM> 10) - 2 times more in the Srednyaya Akhtuba region than in the conditionally clean zone. The number of PM2.5 particles in the average Akhtuba rn is not much higher than the value of the conditionally clean zone - only 1.76 times; the excess in the number of particles (PM2.5-10) is only 1.19 times, i.e. practically, the studied indicators are at the same level; coarsely dispersed dust (PM> 10) - 4 times more in SNT than in the middle Akhtuba region. It is alarming that the number of fine particles in both zones does not differ much from each other and are practically at the same level, especially according to PM10, but their mass fractions and conditional masses differ noticeably, since in the middle Akhtuba they are heavier in weight, 108 times ... This may indicate that in fine particles from the rn Srednyaya Akhtuba compounds of metals and / or semimetals with significant atomic weight can be present, which requires further research and interpretation of the results obtained. A high amount of dust-like particles in a conditionally clean zone - SNT “Oroshenets”, “Shelf”, indicates that this zone is “conditional” due to probable natural pollution, expressed by possible fluid activity of the Earth and removal of particles from its interior , gases and other pollutants that enter the atmospheric air of SNT. In this regard, in terms of the amount of fine dust, SNT is on the same level with the rn Srednyaya Akhtuba. The studied territories are of interest for further research and refinement of the results obtained, including the search for a possible source of natural pollution in both territories to ensure the environmental safety of the population living there and reduce environmental risks.

Keywords: dispersion, aerosols; surface density of particles; PM2.5; PM10; green infrastructure; natural pollution

In the settlement of Srednyaya Akhtuba, Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region, a study was carried out to assess the specific pollution of the territory with aerosols. The main indicators of aerosol particles have been investigated: the number of particles (Np,%); particle diameter and fractional composition of particles (PM), mass fraction of particles (D (dp),%; specific density of particles (m0, μg / sq.cm). As a result of the studies, it was revealed that the specific pollution of the territory with aerosol particles in the working village ( rn) Average Akhtuba with an area of ​​2 sq. km, during the spring-summer season was 2.7 times higher (2.6938 tons) compared to the conditionally clean zone (0.997 tons). At the same time, the number of particles in fractions: PM0 -2.5 (26.97%) in Srednyaya Akhtuba, their values ​​were 1.5 times higher than in the conditionally clean zone PM0-2.5 (18.12%). Coarse dust was in the lead in the conditionally clean zone by 2.1 times : PM> 10 (29.85%) compared with particles from the rn Srednyaya Akhtuba RM> 10 (14.16%) The results indicate that the atmospheric air of the settlement Srednyaya Akhtuba is polluted and dusty with aerosol particles as compared to the conditionally clean zone At the same time, both in the conditionally clean zone and in the middle Akhtuba region, the same amount of finely dispersed dust (PM2.5-10), which requires clarification of the research results and the search for a possible natural source of pollution in the horticultural non-profit partnership (SNT). Also, the mass fraction of particles of the fraction (PM2.5-10) in the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn was higher compared to the conditionally clean zone, despite the same number of particles. The source of aerosols in Srednyaya Akhtuba can be both industrial enterprises of the construction industry located in Srednyaya Akhtuba, as well as a hidden source of natural pollution. Further research and comprehensive study of the area is required.

Keywords: aerosols; environmental monitoring, specific pollution; specific gravity of particles; environmental risks; atmospheric air; PM2.5; PM10; PM> 10