In this paper, we present a review of the use of colloidal solutions in the preparation of inorganic composites and ceramics. Sol-gel direction in the technology of ceramics and inorganic composites, which is the formation of materials from solutions using sol-gel processes, has been intensively developed in recent years. One of the main types of raw materials in these processes are colloidal solutions - sols of oxides of various metals. The most important factors characterizing the perfection of the process of synthesis of sols are aggregative stability, the maximum attainable concentration, monodispersity of the sol. In the presented review, methods for obtaining metal oxide sols. The most common methods of obtaining sols are dialysis and electro dialysis, ion exchange, peptization of gels, hydrolysis and electrolysis of metal compounds. The influence of various factors on the stability of sols. The most important characteristics of sols that determine their behavior are chemical composition, particle size, their size distribution, concentration, pH value, viscosity. Based on the analysis of various literature data, we have shown the possibilities of using sols for the preparation of inorganic composites and ceramics.

Keywords: colloidal solutions, sols of metal oxides, stability of sols, inorganic composites, ceramics

Installation for the preparation of emulsions and suspensions refers to devices intended for the preparation of disperse systems. It can be used in the synthesis of polyhydric alcohols and other organic and organometallic compounds, where the immiscible liquids interact. The installation comprises a hydraulic jet mixer pump connected to the outlet of a hydromechanical dispersion pump. The installation comprises one or more components of the dispensing systems, each of which consists of a supply container and the dispenser. Technical result of the installation is created by intensifying the process of mixing and improving the quality of the final products.

Keywords: technological installation; emulsion; suspension; preparation of emulsions and suspensions; intensification of heterophase processes

The results of the solubility research of the polycomponent water organic systems with neopentylglycol, sodium formate and organic solvents are presented. The temperature concentration parameters of the extraction and crystallization processes of neopentylglycol and sodium formate are identified on the bases of the solubility diagrams obtained, the technological diagrams of the processes are given theoretical basis and enlarged laboratory experiment was carried out.

Keywords: neopentylglycol, aqueous organic systems, solubility diagrams, extraction, crystallization

The present work is devoted to development of methods for the synthesis of alkoxides of alkali metals. The main factors determining the rate of reaction of sodium with alcohols is a contact surface area solid and liquid phases and the power of the appropriate alcohol as acids. We studied the dependence of the rate of interaction of sodium metal with a variety of alcohols from their acid dissociation constant pKa. To slow the rates of interaction of sodium and potassium with alcohols were used their amalgams. Amalgam was obtained by electrolysis of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The interaction process alkali metal amalgam flows quietly enough, even in the case of methyl alcohol and potassium amalgam. Technological scheme involves three stages: the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide at ordinary electrolytic with flowing mercury cathode; an anodic dissolution of the amalgam in an alcohol solution and recovering the sodium or potassium alkoxides. The proposed method allows the synthesis of sodium and potassium alkoxides in soft and controlled conditions.

Keywords: synthesis of alkoxides, sodium alkoxides, potassium alkoxides, electrochemical synthesis method

The results of the solubility research of the polycomponent water organic systems with neopentylglycol, sodium formate and organic solvents are presented. The temperature concentration parameters of the extraction and crystallization processes of neopentylglycol and sodium formate are identified on the bases of the solubility diagrams obtained, the technological diagrams of the processes are given theoretical basis and enlarged laboratory experiment was carried out.

Keywords: neopentylglycol, aqueous organic systems, solubility diagrams, extraction, crystallization

In this article is reviewed the nature of organic hybrid nanocomposites. Promising directions in the field of organic hybrid nanocomposite materials will be methods for the synthesis of multicomponent materials, as well as the type of "net net" and "host-guest". The fundamental problem with the chemistry and physics of nanocomposites is dependent "structure-property". Solving this problem will move from research materials to their purposeful design.

Keywords: nanocomposite sol-gel technology, synthesis, nanoparticles.

The properties of the water-soluble high-modulus silicate systems: based on alkali metal polysilicates called liquid glass and chain their transformation from lower to higher oligomers, with the subsequent formation of colloidal solutions - silica sol. The methods of preparation, properties and applications of water-soluble high-modulus silicate systems. The possibilities of their use as a binder and modifying agents for various nanostructured composite materials. The examples of promising areas of application of liquid glass and high modulus of aqueous solutions of silicates in construction and industry. In particular show the possibility of using liquid glass and aqueous solutions of silicates in the production of nanostructured silicate polymer. In space engineering for manufacturing water-destructed mandrels used in the manufacture of solid rocket motor casings and pressure vessels 'cocoon' of composite materials by winding. The application of the inorganic sol to obtain a nanocomposite ceramics and monolithic blocks of silicon oxide, which can be used in various fields of modern technology. The possibility of using silica sol as a binder for refractory ultra-lightweight shielding materials used to protect equipment from high impacts. The directions of development of the production of new acid-resistant materials and linings for protection of chemical equipment, parts and components operating in corrosive environments.

Keywords: Keywords: water glass, silicate polymer concrete, additives, silicates organic bases tetrafurfuriloksisilan, furfural alcohol, nanostructure composite materials, water-soluble silicates, silica sol, sol-gel transition, cured xerogel water-destructed mandr