The paper analyzes various approaches to identifying and recognizing license plates in intelligent transport networks. A deep learning model has been proposed for localizing and recognizing license plates in natural images, which can achieve satisfactory results in terms of recognition accuracy and speed compared to traditional ones. Evaluations of the effectiveness of the deep learning model are provided.

Keywords: VANET, intelligent transport networks, YOLO, city traffic management system, steganography, deep learning, deep learning, information security, convolutional neural network, CNN

Defensive structures of the Middle Ages were (and are) unique objects both in historical, architectural, and engineering terms. They intertwine the eras of many peoples and ethnic groups. Their development was influenced by a large number of factors. Their detailed analysis is the purpose of this work.

Keywords: defensive structures, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development, Kazan yurt

he article considers a plane problem of calculating the interaction of a culvert of different outlines with a soil embarckment, taking into account the constructive nonlinearity. Due to the impossibility of the soil to work in tension, the interaction of the pipe and soil is assumed to be uniulateral. In the problem, the outline of the pipe is changed, other parameters being equal. As the results of the calculation, the area of contact / separation and adhesion / slippage of the pipe with the soil is considered. Based on the results of calculations, recommendations are given for choosing the outline of culverts.

Keywords: constructive nonlinearity, frictional contact, unilateral constraints, linear complementarity problem, numerical models, finite element method

The defensive structures of the Kazan yurt are unique in both historical and architecturally objects. The era of many peoples and ethnic groups intertwined in them. Their development was influenced by a large number of factors. Their detailed analysis is the purpose of this work.

Keywords: defensive structures, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development, Kazan yurt

The article deals with the solution of the problem of unilateral frictional contact on the example of an arched culvert in the embankment. Unilateral contact is modeled as a linear complementarity problem, which is solved using the Lemke method. The features of solving such problems are shown. A comparison with modern approaches is given, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are indicated.

Keywords: constructive nonlinearity, frictional contact, unilateral constraints, linear complementarity problem, numerical models, finite element method, load increment

The paper presents a solution to the problem of development a vector control system for an induction motor as part of an electric vehicle power plant, which ensures the maximum efficiency of the motor in various driving modes. A nonlinear mathematical model of an induction motor is used, in a coordinate system rotating synchronously with the magnetic field and oriented along the flux linkage vector of the rotor winding. The principles and methods of synergetic control theory are used to design a vector controller. The regulator provides the set speed of the electric vehicle and minimizes energy losses in changing driving conditions. The theoretical results are confirmed by computer simulation of the power plant of an electric vehicle, consisting of a storage battery, an autonomous voltage inverter, an induction motor and a car body. To simulate the power plant of an electric vehicle with the proposed control algorithms, the Simulink environment was used. The mode of execution of the speed reference of an electric vehicle was simulated in accordance with NEDC. Based on the analysis of the battery condition during the simulation of the electric vehicle's mileage, it can be concluded that the use of an energy-saving regulator is about 40% lower compared to traditional FOC systems.

Keywords: electrovehicle, induction motor, AKAR, IFOC, simulink

The complexity of the organization of pneumatic actuator control makes a nonlinear mathematical apparatus that takes into account the thermodynamic processes in the filling and draining of the working cavities of the pneumatic cylinder. The review of existing approaches and methods of pneumatic systems control allows us to draw conclusions about a significant simplification of the mathematical model of the system under study, which leads to a discrepancy between the mathematical model of its technical original and the limited application of the developed control laws.

Keywords: the pneumatic actuator nonlinear mathematical model, synthesis of a synergetic controller, invariant manifold

Energy costs for grain drying are about 30% of the total energy consumption for grain produc-tion. Reducing the energy consumption of drying is possible due to the use of a microwave field. In this case, it is necessary to develop a design of a convection drying zone with a microwave field which will provide uniform drying of the grain throughout the volume. For this purpose, it is advis-able to carry out the simulation of the process. The developed computer model of heat and moisture exchange in the grain layer allows to model one under varying parameters of the grain layer and the drying agent. A computer model implements a stepwise calculation method. According to this method, the grain layer is represented as a series of computer models of the elementary layer. The grain layer is divided into three sections. The specific power of the microwave field is set to con-stant throughout each part. In addition, the model takes into account the features of changing in the specific power of the microwave field in the drying zone from the moisture content of the grain and the distance from the magnetron. The air flow in the microwave convection zone can has an im-portant value for the energy intensity of the process. The paper presents the results of modeling grain drying with two variants of air distribution in the microwave convection zone. Graphs of changes in grain moisture in each of the sections of the layer are given. It is shown that when the air moves from the magnetron, the time and the non-uniformity of drying decrease.

Keywords: drying of grain, grain layer, microwave field, microwave - convection drying, heat and - moisture exchange, computer model, modeling

Effect of water-soluble polymers additive and surface treatment on particle size distribution are shown in this article.

Keywords: electrolytic copper powder, water-soluble polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrilamide, electropolishing, atomic force microscopy

In article the decision of the task of finding of energy saving algorithms of closed control for electric drives is presented. The proposed approach is based on use of mathematical conditions of minimization of energy losses (power invariants) in electric motors as criteria of control. Energetic invariants for the main types of electric motors of a direct and alternating current are provided. For synthesis of energy saving regulators the principles and methods of the synergetic control theory are used. As an example the decision of the task of synthesis of algorithms of energy saving control for the asynchronous electric drive is considered. In case of synthesis of regulators the non-linear mathematical model of the asynchronous motor was used. The algorithm of energy saving control of the asynchronous electric drive providing stabilizing of angular speed of a rotor in the preset value and minimization of losses of energy is presented. Computer modeling of the closed system which completely confirms theoretical prerequisites and allows to draw the following conclusions is carried out. Firstly, the synthesized regulator provides asymptotic stability of the closed system of the relative set steady state. Secondly, at a variation of the external moment of efficiency of the electric motor remains constant and maximum. The comparative chart efficiency of the asynchronous motor in case of the energy saving control and traditional control realized in systems the “Transvector” type is provided.

Keywords: electric drive, automatic control, problem of synthesis of the regulator, energy saving

We explore the problem of the control system design of train asynchronous electric traction drives. The proposed train autopiloting contrl system ensures complex optimization of train traction, namely: keeping of desired speed of the wage wheels slippage relative to the rail thus ensuring the maximum traction; minimizes the loss of energy in the power unit of the electric traction drive under changing of speed and power of motion process. In order to solve the stated we use methods and principles of synergetic control theory

Keywords: railway transport, traction drive, synthesis of control systems, traction optomization, energy saving controller, adaptive control, slippage