The article examines the stages of the formation of medical education in Russia, which influenced the architectural formation of medical universities in the south, namely in Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, Krasnodar, Volgograd and Stavropol. The stages are considered from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. The gradual development of the organizational structure and architecture of universities has been studied. The current problems in the field of organization and architecture that are required for further modernization are identified.

Keywords: medical universities, universities of the South of Russia, university architecture, regional architecture, stages of architectural development of medical universities

Recent trends in the architecture of public buildings and structures are aimed at innovation and sustainable development, driven by the needs of the environment and society. The design, which takes into account the challenges of the pandemic, includes improved ventilation, contactless technologies and adaptable layout to create safer spaces. Digital twin technology provides real-time monitoring and optimization of building systems, paving the way for a more ergonomic infrastructure. Mass-scale wooden construction represents an ecological, aesthetic and low-carbon alternative to traditional materials. Zero-energy buildings integrate renewable energy sources and efficient systems to balance energy consumption and production. 3D printing in construction allows you to quickly create prototypes and complex projects, expanding architectural possibilities. Green and blue infrastructure combines natural elements, storm water management and urban environment cooling. Together, these trends contribute to the creation of more advanced and adaptable public buildings, reducing environmental impacts and improving energy efficiency. The combination of these achievements leads to the creation of innovative combined architectural solutions that contribute to the creation of a healthier and more harmonious urban environment.

Keywords: public buildings, 3D printing in construction, additive manufacturing, sustainable architecture, energy conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green architecture, eco-friendly design, zero-consumption buildings

The article deals with the problems of modern use of cultural heritage objects. The object of the study is the manor complexes on the territory of St. Petersburg and neighboring counties of St. Petersburg province. It is established that some part of the objects is not included in the register of cultural heritage objects and is subject to destruction. Contradictions in the issues of preservation and modern use of estate complexes are revealed. The main reasons for the destruction of objects are defined as the lack of information about the territory of the cultural heritage object in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (hereinafter referred to as USRN) and non-utilization of the potential of estates, due to the loss of the subject of attraction of the territory. The main provisions of protection of cultural heritage objects are briefly considered. The reasons for the incompleteness of information in the real estate register are established. The possibility and expediency of restoration of completely destroyed objects are considered. Possible options for the use of abandoned and lost estate complexes are proposed.

Keywords: cultural heritage object, manor complex, register of cultural heritage objects, use,protection , condition of cultural heritage objects

The article is devoted to ancient mansions and mansions of the XVIII-XX century, which are in an abandoned state. But with the restoration, they could become new cultural spaces. We will talk about three mansions in St. Petersburg (Nobel Mansion, Ernest Igel mansion, Demidov manor) and four country estates in the Leningrad region (Faberge cottage, Mikhailovka Manor, Princess Paley Palace, Eliseev-Novinsky manor). The article describes: the history of the estates up to the present day, their current state against the background of their architectural value. Based on a brief analysis, the following features of the location of the described architectural objects can be distinguished. Within walking distance are: the Nobel Mansion, the Ernest Igel mansion, the Demidov estate. And the following objects are accessible by transport: Faberge cottage, Mikhailovka manor, Princess Paley Palace, Eliseev-Novinsky manor. And it is proposed to transform them into a new point of attraction for people – the "third place", which is an urgent issue for a modern city.

Keywords: estates, architectural monuments, cultural heritage sites, mansions, monuments of the past, restoration, third place

The article analyzes the evolution of the architectural and spatial structure and recreational complex of mass housing in the largest cities of Southern Russia in relation to the socio-professional structure of the population from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present day. The research method is based on the provisions of the concept of the evolution of residential architecture based on the development of a recreational complex, developed by Professor V.M. Molchanov. The research method consists of conducting a retrospective analysis of the architectural and spatial structure and recreational complex of housing in the largest cities of Southern Russia based on the study and processing of literary sources, graphical analysis of the prevailing APS residential development in each designated period. Based on the revealed relationship, the social foundations of the formation of the architecture of mass housing in the period under review were revealed. Based on the results obtained, a forecast was made about prospective forms of organization of the architectural and spatial structure of the dwelling, taking into account current changes in professional groups of the post-industrial era, including a growing number of workers employed in the information sphere, culture and education. The conclusion is substantiated about the prospects of medium-rise urban development, which provides active recreation and professional work for a significant part of the modern urban population.

Keywords: architectural and spatial structure, urban housing, mass housing, recreation and wellness complex, social foundations of design, socio-professional structure of the population, evolution of housing

This article is devoted to the study of the advantages and disadvantages of the underground location of public facilities. Advantages such as: favorable acoustic conditions, stable temperature and humidity conditions, natural protection of the object from vibrations, natural noise protection of the object, aesthetic, economic and functional effects from the potential absence of a ground part, increased service life, lack of influence of weather conditions, inexhaustibility of underground resources, the possibility of improving engineering networks, independence from topographic terrain conditions. The following disadvantages are also considered: increased financial costs for construction, the presence of stereotypes regarding the psychological comfort of staying in an underground space, the lack of daylight. In conclusion, the article concludes that it is necessary to develop architectural methods and techniques to compensate for the disadvantages of the underground location of public facilities.

Keywords: architecture, underground architecture, underground space, public underground facility, architectural methods, underground urbanism, underground theater "Shanghai Culture Plaza Theater", underground ice complex "Gjovik", Ihva University campus

In modern architectural design, a balance is being sought between preserving the value of ancient monuments and the need to create a modern comfortable, aesthetic, well-maintained urban environment using modern technologies, styles and methods. This contradiction makes it difficult to implement such projects to integrate historical and cultural monuments into the modern environment, which leads to a decrease in the quality of urban structures. In the article, using the example of the historically developed Gremyachaya Gora complex, which includes an element of the cultural heritage object "The Complex of Fortifications of the Roundabout City" in Pskov – the Gremyachaya Tower, the main problems preventing the implementation of various design solutions are identified, as well as modern architectural trends and techniques used when working with ancient objects located in the natural landscape are investigated. The author of the article proposes an up–to-date concept of the formation and use of the Rattlesnake Mountain complex, the basic principles of which are implemented in one of the most successful projects of recent decades on this topic - a tourist center organized on the basis of the medieval Hammershus fortress in Denmark.

Keywords: Preservation of cultural heritage, Yu.P. Spegalsky, Architecture of ancient Pskov, the Gremyachaya Gora Complex, regeneration of the urban environment of ancient settlements

In the context of the administrative-territorial organization of Kuban, key features that determine the formation of church architecture are identified. Particular importance is given to the complex of architectural and urban planning solutions that were envisaged during the construction of Orthodox churches in Yekaterinodar. The individual, not preserved objects of church architecture in the historical period under study, recognized as significant for this settlement, are noted. The historical plan of Yekaterinodar of the first 19th century with established residential areas, religious buildings and structures is designated. A retrospective analysis of the placement of these objects in the architectural and planning structure of the city was conducted. Visual illustrations presented in the scientific study contribute to the structuring of the material. Attention is focused on the preservation of historical memory through objects of Orthodox heritage.

Keywords: church architecture, Cossacks, Kuban, religion, church, Orthodox churches, architecture, object, structure, appearance, tradition

The article examines current trends in the design of multifunctional residential complexes (MHCs), reflecting changes in the requirements for the urban environment and social demands. The historical stages of the evolution of the MCC are analyzed, starting with ancient civilizations and ending with modern concepts of sustainable development. Special attention is paid to such key aspects as flexibility and adaptability of spaces, environmental sustainability, integration of high technologies, as well as social and community integration. The article also highlights additional trends such as polycentricity, autonomy, regulation of the boundaries of responsibility of residential units, functional and typological intensification of courtyard spaces, the principle of openness and transparency. It is concluded that modern housing and communal services strive to create a sustainable and comfortable urban environment capable of adapting to changes and meeting the needs of residents.

Keywords: multifunctional residential complex, sustainable architecture, autonomous architecture, adaptive architecture, residential environment, residential buildings

The article analyzes the architectural features of the visitor centers of natural parks in the Volgograd region. The features of the influence of this type of building on ensuring protection and assisting in educating the public about the significance and uniqueness of various territories are considered. Visitor centers are specially created buildings or complexes designed for outreach work with park visitors. They perform a number of functions: informational, educational, environmental. The architectural features of visitor centers of natural parks in the Volgograd region are described. The concept of visitor centers of the Volga-Akhtubinskaya Floodplain Natural Park has been developed

Keywords: architecture, visitor center, natural and national parks, environmental architecture, recreational and health potential, national characteristics, construction, architectural design

In this article the existing principles of application of the illusion technique in architecture are considered. The classification of objects by purpose is presented, the key features of classification groups are highlighted. Examples of already existing constructed buildings with different typology are given and analyzed. The target direction of the article is based on the creation of the concept of volume (building) with the use of optical illusions to form a complex solution to clarify the overall concept of the object and achieve the effect of paradox in the viewer. The article also describes in detail the art-architectural and constructive solutions of the proposed concept with the definition of the exact location of the building in relation to the view and approach to it.

Keywords: Illusion, architectural volume, complex solution, paradox, dematerialization, visual perception, structural element, mirrored surface, hovering effect, tilt angle, master plan organization

The article analyzes the idea of architectural reserves proposed by Pskov architect and restorer Yu.P. Spegalsky in the middle of the XX century. The Pskov restorer proposed to allocate separate sections of the city center with ancient monuments on their territory as the basis for its development as an open-air museum. The plan was not implemented, but later this theory was used as the basis for successfully implemented modern restoration and architectural projects aimed at developing the urban environment of Pskov. The options for continuing the development of the idea in the near future are considered on the example of a complex formed by ancient defensive structures and a monument of constructivist architecture.

Keywords: Y.P. Spegalsky, architecture of ancient Pskov, creativity of A.A. Olya, restoration in Pskov, Mstislavskaya Tower.

The article analyzes the Russian experience of renovation of port facilities. The purpose of the study is to identify best practices and directions for the development of PC facilities during their transformation. The experience of the cities of St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen and Kazan is being studied. The best Russian practices in the following aspects of PC renovation are summarized: a) architectural and artistic, b) urban planning; c) functional and spatial. The resulting number of promising approaches and trends creates a methodological basis for the integration of these facilities into the structure of the city.

Keywords: port complex, renovation, transformation, water area, interaction, water facade

This study will examine the historical formation of the architecture of places of detention. The author gives space to the volumetric and planning transformation of prisons, examines the history of their emergence in stages and reveals the connection of these changes with the changes in the state and society as a whole. The study deals with the issues of restraint of freedom from inside and outside the penitentiary institutions, and partially touches upon the connection between fortification and penitentiary institutions in the sense of the continuity of the urban, architectural and landscape planning techniques of defence used. The study also presents examples of modern layouts; the types of layouts and the architectural means and techniques used in them to create a safe and comfortable environment are summarised in a table as material for analysis. In addition, as the results of the study, the main issues and directions of further development of prison architecture are indicated, and the author proposes models of optimal architectural and planning organisation in terms of security, surveillance and access control.

Keywords: security, prisons, penitentiary architecture, architecture, detention centres, design

The design and construction of industrial buildings in coastal areas requires careful consideration of functional processes, logistics efficiency and environmental dynamics. The article examines the relationship between operational requirements and spatial planning strategies, emphasizes the need for individual solutions to solve unique problems that arise in coastal zones. By combining workflow optimization, logistical considerations and safety measures, industrial enterprises can increase productivity, ensure sustainability and reduce risks in difficult environments, emphasizing the importance of integrated planning and strategic positioning for sustainable development.

Keywords: industrial buildings, coastal territories, design conditions on coastal territories, sustainable architecture, energy conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green architecture, eco-friendly design, functional processes

The article is dedicated to the study of the planning structure features of small towns in the European part of the Arctic. The relevance of the research is due to the strategic importance of the region for Russia and the need for urban environment modernization. The results showed that the town layouts have a certain deviation from the north-south axis, and the towns themselves are characterized by compactness and efficient land use. These features ensure convenient access to social facilities and reduce operational costs, which is especially important in harsh Arctic conditions.

Keywords: Arctic, planning structure, industrial towns, small towns, compactness, urban planning, Arctic architecture, Arctic urban planning, social infrastructure

The possibility of architectural and spatial organization of a series of urban interiors located along the route of communication between buildings and faculties of university complexes of an “integrated” and “distributed” type is being considered. Requirements for such transit spaces are being formed. Options for a scenario for organizing such spaces are proposed, which is an algorithm for the spatial formation of successive functional zones and the student’s consciousness throughout the process of movement and learning. “Architectural-environmental modules” are proposed as a structural unit, including various equipment options and small architectural forms - as a means of organizing spatial scenarios. A typology of similar modules has been developed for various transit zones and types of urban spaces. This approach allows us to form and support the brand of the university as a unified communication space.

Keywords: university complex, transit urban spaces, scenario approach, functional-thematic zones, architectural and environmental modules.

The analysis of the condition, operating conditions and location of industrial and communal enterprises in the structure of the city of Moscow is carried out. A set of urgent problems related to the disordered nature of the placement of the main objects of the communal complex, leading to the complication of intra-urban industrial and transport communications, and the deterioration of the city's ecology, has been identified. To solve these problems, a new methodological approach is proposed in the organization of the layout of public utility facilities, which consists in optimizing their functional and planning solutions, in integrating interrelated technological and transport operations.

Keywords: urban development, transport communication, industrial and communal enterprise, architectural and planning solution, functional blocking, geographically balanced network nature of the location

The article examines the unique symbiosis of modern technologies and national traditions, analyzes the stages of formation and development of the main directions of architecture development in the North Caucasus in the context of modern trends. The subject of the study is the architecture of the North Caucasus, taking into account modern design trends. The object of the study is buildings and structures, urban conglomerates of the North Caucasus region. The most striking example of this symbiosis is the new projects in the Caucasus, where architecture literally combines with the landscape, showing the unique interaction between man and nature. Thanks to modern construction methods, these buildings combine traditional architecture and modern construction technologies, creating a harmonious space. The architecture of the future, despite its subjectivity, has readability because culture and technological progress always affect architecture. In general, we can identify a number of features characteristic of the architecture of the future: cost-effectiveness, ergonomics, environmental friendliness and versatility. It is also necessary to mention new modern construction technologies, which include elements such as artificial intelligence, automation and robotization of processes, the use of 3D printing and digital modeling of building information (BIM).The symbiosis of modern construction and Caucasian culture is a unique combination of architecture of the past and the present. The synergy between modern construction technologies and traditional Caucasian culture can be very promising. It has the potential to simultaneously revive local cultural identity, contribute to sustainable practices, and create unique architectural designs that harmonize innovation and tradition. Historical forms and materials are actively combined with modern technology and materials, resulting in an architecture that simultaneously preserves its roots and looks to the future. This close interaction and symbiosis highlights the importance of culture in architecture and shows how innovations can be used to preserve and update cultural heritage.

Keywords: construction, architectural design, modern trends, energy efficiency, thermal protection of buildings, construction industry, ecology, green construction, architectural bionics, North Caucasus

The organization of an enclosed space to ensure the basic processes of life (amateur professional activities, family communication, parenting, housekeeping, physiological and psychological recreation, maintaining health and hygiene) is traditionally an urgent task of architectural creativity. One of the possible solutions is the format of a low-rise (one or two floors) individual residential building, which includes several rooms (rooms) for residential and non-residential purposes, providing the necessary conditions for life processes. Low-rise individual residential buildings (with adjacent territories) are characterized by a number of advantages: a high level of living comfort, direct connection with the natural environment, the opportunity for full-fledged and versatile work and leisure, taking into account individual characteristics and preferences.

Keywords: individual residential building, composition, functional zoning, spatial relationships, living environment, efficiency, functional scheme, space, aesthetics, traditions, innovations

The new socio-economic and political conditions of the North Bulgarian Renaissance (1762-1878) determined the way of life, the nature of relationships in society, and its material environment. The object of their influence was primarily residential development, which revealed a variety of architectural forms. Their volumetric and planning features are determined by new ideological and artistic views. At the same time, unity is revealed in architectural diversity, predetermined by local natural and climatic conditions, sustainable construction technologies, and the revival of ancient spiritual and historical and cultural traditions. This article analyzes the development of techniques for the architectural organization of a residential building in the context of settlement and chronology.

Keywords: Bulgarian Renaissance, natural conditions, socio-economic factors, historical background, natural landscape, space-planning schemes, residential architecture

The article examines the epoch-making buildings of the city of Nalchik, which include the educational campus (LUG) and Stalin's dacha. The work provides historical information on these objects, architectural, artistic and planning solutions, their significance for the city. The main purpose of epoch-making buildings, according to the authors, is to preserve these objects for citizens and residents of the republic, as the historical and cultural heritage of the people, which must be recreated for future generations and preserve the recognizable unique image of the city.

Keywords: architecture, epoch-making buildings, facade, plan, building, school, Stalin's Dacha, Dacha N5, bay window, gazebo, brick, brick-wooden house

The article examines the process of development of the architectural and planning structure of Monchegorsk in the period of the 1930s – 1950s and defines its specific features. The issue of the current state of the architectural heritage of the city and the problems of its preservation is investigated. The proposals aimed at preserving valuable elements of the planning and architectural landscape, as well as historical architectural objects in the context of modern urban development are given.

Keywords: architectural and planning structure, visual connections, accent, dominant, cultural heritage object

Issues of the quality of university spaces have not been fully studied at present. Rapid transformations and the growing role of universities in city life require a serious scientific approach to organizing the environment of university campuses. This article examines the artistic and semiotic properties of façade architecture and spatial environments identified by various researchers. Based on the theoretical analysis performed, the aesthetic and informative qualities that are most important for organizing the image of a university campus are formulated. As an example of the practical use of the identified qualities, a developed design solution for one of the buildings of Volgograd State Technical University is presented.

Keywords: university campus, aesthetics of the university environment, informative qualities of facades, reconstruction of educational buildings, architectural semiotics

This paper deals with the aspects of the ideological content of the architectural and engineering thought of the Shadow Tower Pavilion in Chandigarh, a structure without a definite function. A brief historical background is collected. Examples of similar constructions "without function" are given, principles and purposes of formation of architectural volumes of selected analogs are described. The influence of such structures from the point of view of ideology on the formation of architecture in a hot climate is considered. The significance of small architectural volumes in the context of large ensembles is emphasized.

Keywords: "Tower of Shadows", Capitol, Chandigarh, hot climate, Le Corbusier's "sunbreakers", natural sun protection, natural ventilation, design, artistic effect, climatic grid, functional conditions