In this paper, the authors attempt to consider ethnographic approaches to the study of language policy issues, in detail, with an emphasis on various angles of modeling the language situation in the traditional and innovative ethnographic paradigm. The paper also provides a strong case for the effectiveness of this approach in measuring. forecasting and designing the ideal and real language situation in the regions which are of interest to the researcher. A number of examples are presented that convincingly illustrate the potential of ethnographic modeling. The authors are the first to present the opposition of the emic perspective to the ethical one, which has found its graphic embodiment in the model proposed by the authors. Moreover, the ethnographic model is an ideal tool for monitoring feedback when studying the functioning of closed forms of language policy, as well as for tracking various consequences of practical measures in the field of language.

Keywords: ethnography, ethnographic model, emic and ethical perspectives, critical ethnography, micro-ethnography, sociolinguistic ethnography, closed and open forms of language policy

the article analyzes the economic instruments used by states in domestic and foreign policy from the point of view of identifying the existing coercive mechanisms in modern social practices. The study revealed how states use economic instruments as the preferred means of geopolitical struggle. In addition, the work separately reflects the fact that States should preserve the right to an original socio-economic model of development. We should also not forget about the negative consequences of unilateral coercive measures. Using the method of cognitive modeling and constructing cognitive maps, the authors identify the connections in the analyzed social practices from the perspective of studying the means of geo-economic pressure.

Keywords: cyberwarfare, cyberattacks, cybersecurity risks, communication networks, transport systems, tactical, operational and strategic initiatives

This article highlights conceptual models that contribute to assessing the effectiveness of language policy from historical perspective. The use of the comparative historical approach has allowed us to identify the most effective forms of language policy in the modern national situational context. The authors place a special emphasis in the article on the critical analysis of a number of historical models that have long acted as the main tool for assessing the effectiveness of language policy in the West. The novelty of the article lies in the discovery of new modes of measuring the effectiveness of the principles of language policy and planning applied in practice. The article also make sa strong case for understanding language as an active means of social reality in all the diversity of its forms and relationships.

Keywords: language policy, language planning, comparative historical approach, historical narrative, historical consciousness, eurocentric model, cultural center, peripheral regions, deductive methods, inductive methods, modernism, postmodernism

In this paper, the authors consider the problem of reflexively controlled cyber wars of our time on the example of influence in cyberspace, which is currently both a medium for conflict and its tool. The implemented cyberattacks and the danger of hacker attacks are analyzed. Separately, it is noted that the risks associated with cyber intrusions may include the loss or disclosure of consumer data, theft or disclosure of intellectual property, as well as the loss of investors as a result of the theft of funds or a decrease in the market value of companies subjected to cyber attacks. It is concluded that cybersecurity is a constantly evolving landscape, and currently there is an urgent need to constantly learn both from our own experience and from the experience of other companies that effectively counteract cyber attacks. In addition, an important condition is that successful interaction with opponents in cyberspace requires constant striving

Keywords: cyberwarfare, cyberattacks, cybersecurity risks, communication networks, transport systems, tactical, operational and strategic initiatives

The issues of language policy, which are the focus of attention of the authors of the article, invariably attract specialists in our country and abroad. In order to understand the role of language in the life of society, it is necessary to study this problem from different angles. The authors propose to look at the designated problem from the standpoint of discourse analysis, which allows us to get out of some methodological uncertainty, forming a more or less clear picture of possible linguistic problems in multi-ethnic regions. The models presented by the authors within the framework of the theory of discourse help to visualize various dimensions of topical issues of language policy.In this sense, this article is an attempt to conceptually answer a number of fundamental questions that inevitably arise in multilingual societies, and try to use the answers obtained to relieve the "linguistic tension" characteristic of these communities.

Keywords: discourse, discourse analysis, national identity, language policy, system analysis, semantic matrix, semantic nodes, discursive practices, group dynamics, logical-factual chain, discourse theory

The authors of the article consider external socio-economic and internal motivational factors in the formation of reproductive behavior of young families living in the Rostov region. Based on empirical data, the authors of the work conclude that young spouses occupy quite active economic positions in the region we are studying. These professional strategies have a dual effect on reproductive behavior, determining the choice of one-child family model in the region

Keywords: model, cognitive analysis, family, young family, life strategies, value orientations reproductive behavior

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues related to conflict interaction in the youth environment of Soviet and Russian society. The aim of the study is to build a cognitive map of the model of the system “Conflict control (youth of the USSR)  conflict control (youth of Russia)”. The authors note that at present there is an urgent need to identify existing conflict situations in the youth environment of Russian society and at the same time it is logical to conduct an analysis based on a study of past years and those problems that were the cause of conflict situations in the youth environment in Soviet times. It is also noted that in modern social practices it is necessary to create effective mechanisms for countering conflicts, aimed primarily at reducing the level of risk in the modern youth environment. The methodological basis of the study. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientific research, as the principle of holism and the principle of objectivism. The work used the methods of systematic and comparative scientific research. Conclusions: in spite of the fact that it is not feasible to fully show all the questions outlined in the framework of one study (a similar goal was not set), the analysis of the processes associated with the study of conflitogenicity in the modern youth environment and the constructed cognitive model are of certain theoretical interest and require further work in the framework of this issue.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

In the paper the authors attempt to present the author’s model of reproduction of social scenarios from the prism of the interaction of language with social culture, and also a weighty rationale for the practical value of this model is given, which can serve as a methodical key to decoding whole blocks of social space perception. Such an approach may indicate the discovery of new modes in understanding social reality. Although the interpretation of the facts of a language is characterized by methodological difficulties, such a vision can help identify, on an empirical level, changes in the sociocultural sphere, as well as trace the dynamics of social scenarios of perception of reality by different categories of the population

Keywords: social scenario, semantic reproduction, language, language situation, scenario installations, social culture, language modeling, social world, conventionality, language situation

The article presents the author's theoretical and methodological construct of the study of socio-political behavior of the social actor. The developed construct is based on the concept of habitus introduced into the scientific discourse by Pierre Bourdieu. The socio-political habitus in this article is understood as interiorized patterns of perception, interpretation, evaluation and action in the socio-political space, which are constantly being refined and completed under the influence of everyday social practices. Denoted epistemological problem of combining the contradictory nature of the conduct and integrity of the habitus. As a solution to the problem, such a property of habitus as hierarchy is considered. It is assumed that in the deep structures of habitus there are integral models of social dynamics, which are reproduced in socio-political relations by spontaneous coordination of social practices of many social actors. However, each social actor represents a single element of the complex model. Such social dynamic models in this article are denoted by the term "myth". On the basis of the presented theoretical model, the solution of applied problems in the management of socio-political behavior is proposed. At the same time, the authors proceed from the fact that mythological complexes in the structure of the habitus can not be eradicated or replaced, but can be overbuilt.

Keywords: political relations, model, myth, habitus, management, regulation mechanism, calibration

This article reveals the scientific and theoretical approaches to the study of social issues in the language context. The authors attempt to present a two-dimensional model of giving the meaning to the modern verbal space. This model offers insights into the process of the formation of social scenarios that are fixed in the language space. In addition, the model developed by the authors provides a researcher with a complete picture of the dynamics of social processes in society, represented by addressing the phenomenon of language as a universal socio-cultural code

Keywords: semiotic model, verbal space, social scenario, discourse, language, social space, socio-cultural code, social phenomenon, sign system

The article reveals the role of the information space in modern education. The conclusion is made that it is important to correctly assess the possibilities of a new type of information-digital space, fight not only its shortcomings, but also create the necessary conditions within the framework of pedagogical education for actualizing and shaping the future teachers of positive, socially significant features that are in demand in the 21st century .

Keywords: information, information-digital space, information technology, student, digital literacy, technological tools, computer programs, digital technology, multimedia product

At present, there is a tendency in Russian society, which is connected with the fact that modern people strive, first of all, for self-realization. Very often, in the process of forming career strategies, a person thinks about whether he is happy in his position after having worked in an organization for over a year. Sometimes, such thoughts force a person to change the type of activity or completely change the place of work. Thus, such a pattern of behavior as downshifting can be formed, when a person radically changes the quality of his life, life priorities and value orientations. The author of the article, in connection with such a change in the model of career behavior, considers the reasons that can influence the reorientation of value orientations from material to spiritual.

Keywords: downshifting, career downshifting, success, values, profession, income, chronic fatigue, yuppie, freelancing, family, freedom

The process of overcoming the risks of destruction of the life world by young spouses is studied. Methods of cognitive modeling are used. The theory of adaptive control is chosen as the basic paradigm. This allowed the study to build on the existing theoretical basis of structural analysis of adaptive systems with models in the adaptation circuit.To use the practical experience of cognitive modeling of systems with the inclusion of a person in the adaptation circuit, for example, training models based on a double feedback loop. It is proposed to use the technology of solving problems, based on the experience of past situations, namely, the technology of output based on precedents (Case-Based Reasoning, or CBR). A generalized adaptive model of reducing the risks of destruction of the life world of a young family on the basis of a double CBR – cycle is developed. The model describes the process of self-development of young spouses through continuous training in complex problem situations

Keywords: young family, life world, risk, cognitive modeling, model, precedent, adaptation

The need to develop a wider range of methods and tools for system analysis and modeling, allowing to develop and implement anti-terrorism measures, was noted. The results of a model analysis of terrorist activity in media space are presented. The research is based on already approved model solutions. It is proposed to use the combination and integration of humanitarian knowledge and natural science tools. A cognitive analysis of the communication model of a successful terrorist attack and models of proactive counteraction to terrorist threats was carried out. Models are single- or multi-loop schemes with positive or multidirectional feedbacks. Functional-structural models for countering the coverage of terrorist activities in media space have been constructed. The context of the model of counteraction to terrorist threats is defined. Based on the hierarchical decomposition of the diagrams, the features of the structural organization of the counteraction process are investigated. The proposed model approach allowed to build a study, starting from the description of generalized structures to the analysis of the functioning of the system of counteracting the coverage of terrorists in the media space. The obtained models illustrate the mechanisms of formation of a system of links between state and public institutions targeted to deprive terrorism of its social base.

Keywords: functional-structural analysis, models, terrorism, proactive counteraction, communication, media space

The problems of young families are analyzed. The relevance of the study of the social welfare of modern young families is shown. A cognitive model of achievement and stabilization of the social welfare of a young family was constructed on the basis of the results of the study ""The Life of a Young Family in the Rostov Region"", 2017. It is shown that the basic model of achieving social well-being is a two-loop scheme with positive feedback. Each of the contours of which corresponds to the basic characteristics: socio-cultural and economic well-being. The principal problem of the factor of satisfaction of needs is revealed. The necessity of creating a full-fledged monitoring system of the socio-economic level of a young family included in the social policy framework of the state is shown.

Keywords: young family, social welfare, system characteristic, cognitive modeling, model, two-circuit scheme, feedback

Family is the most important actor in cultivating values of trust in the youth environment, however, the effectiveness of implementing this feature of the Russian family is limited to the trends occurring on the macro level and marked by a lack of trust in society, both at the macro and micro levels. Very clearly a crisis of confidence manifests itself in the urban environment of Russian society. Eventually, trust transforms into a family value that identifies the microcosm of the family interactions. The reality of the external world to the world of the family, urban youth perceive as socially unjust and full of distrust, determines, in the end, and the low trust rating in the system of values of young Russians.

Keywords: family, trust, youth, urban youth, urban environment, values, social justice, Russian society

This article is devoted to the problems of destabilization, conflict and problem areas in contemporary gender and family relations, mostly in the system of social roles realization. Selected problem areas promote not only destructive forms of relationships within the family unit and cause individual deep sense of dissatisfaction with life, but destabilize society on the whole, destroying peace and tranquillity both locally and globally. It is known that some contemporary types of gender and marital-family problems are very destructive to the existence of the whole social system. Such, in particular, can be called the imbalance of roles and inadequacy of prestige of the spouse/partner. Due to the urgency of the identified problems there increases the need for modeling the processes of peacemaking in the society, where the main actors can certainly become women. Female gender sub-group played a prominent role in peacemaking, in particular, during WW II , performing a variety of social roles.

Keywords: peacemaking, security, family, gender, gender studies, world war II, "war bride"

A dynamic cooperative games formalization of the problem of concordance of interests of the social partnership agents the the system of continuing professional education is proposed. The setup based on the previously considered differential games in normal form. The time consistency problem and its sociological interpretation are discussed.

Keywords: differential games in normal form, differential cooperative games, time consistency, continuing professional education, social partnership

This article is devoted to the social health of the Russian student youth, and the sociological analysis of threats to Russia's security in the conditions of crisis of social justice. In this article, the social health of young people implies a sense of social justice, the state of protection of vital interests of a young man from dangers and threats. The article is based on the results of original empirical research. Of particular relevance to sociological studies of this phenomenon attaches to the fact that they allow to penetrate into the inner world of youth, closed for statistical, psychological and economic methods and means to understand the perception of social justice, to understand the value of dispositions and expectations, timely notice nominee disorder and social ill-health.

Keywords: social health, students, security, social justice, threats to Russia's security

Presented by the authors in the article an analysis is made of the safe childhood and the authors, on the basis of the concept of research, offer safe to consider childhood as a social phenomenon that characterizes the process of socialization and maturation of the personality from the standpoint of the creation of all necessary conditions for the formation of its physical and social health. Under the social health of the young generation authors is understood as a state of well-being considered from the perspective of primary family socialization, parent-child relations, the system of socialization of family values and preferences, ethical and moral norms of family society, a reflection of the attitude of parents to their children. The main conclusion by the authors, is that childhood in modern Russia is gradually losing safe features that, in turn, defines a deep interest in the issue of childhood in Russia and the need for timely diagnosis and sociological well-being/ill-being of childhood as an indicator of future social, spiritual and physical condition of Russian youth.

Keywords: social health, a safe childhood, socialization, parenting, parenthood, family, the younger generation

Readiness of contemporary youth for formation of stable marriage-family relations is a necessary factor forming stable functioning of a society and also a determining factor of social and national security, which is very essential nowadays in the conditions of non-stability, various challenges and risks. Compatibility/non-compatibility of ideal behavior models of the contemporary youth with the real models in the chosen aspect represents itself as an important criterion of determination of readiness/not readiness of youth for family formation. Today there have been distinguished the factors influencing the formation of an ideal partner of other gender, these are family (parents, relatives), referent groups, first experience of communication with other gender, mass media, etc.

Keywords: youth, Russian youth, student youth, family, marriage, gender, model, behavior model

The article analyzes the characteristics of the tattoo practice as a way to diagnose the social health of today's youth. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it can expand the number of non-verbal format manifestations of social health (along with social pathology, ill health).

Keywords: youth, youth subculture tattoo practices, diagnostics, social health, youth subculture.

Studies of social stereotypes and stereotyping mechanisms as part of the process of social cognition occupy priority places in the research of images of interacting partners. The problems of accentuation stereotypes in real behavior and activity of individuals in the field of road traffic (drivers, pedestrians, representatives of DPS) today only acquire some shape, but has not yet been properly addressed to. Traditional studies of gender stereotypes, unfortunately, are not able to uncover the underlying mechanisms of perception, which "create and run" the process of stereotyping due to specific reasons, objectively contained in the activity of subjects of interactions on the road. Attempts to detect and describe these mechanisms require research of real interactions of the subjects and objects of stereotypes, namely those and their specific characteristics that contribute to the emergence and actualization of gender stereotypes. The importance of this article is determined not only by the prospects of the development of theories of stereotypes as forms of everyday consciousness, but also the possibility of using some of the ideas for positive change of life of road users, accompanied by a high level of conflict, risk, interaction and challenges related to different factors of social reality. Gender stereotyping of subjects of road interactions are important factor clearly uncommitted to objective rules and norms of the culture of behavior on the road.

Keywords: gender, gender stereotypes, motorists, models, driving, interaction, conflicts

In this article the social health of the student youth as a social phenomenon is considered in the context of the theory of structural marginality. The author describes and explains the condition of the marginalized status of the student youth of the South of Russia. Social health of the student youth of the South of Russia is a reflection of the degree of her marginal position in society.

Keywords: Social health, Russian student youth, structural marginality, status, social value, satisfaction with life, the South of Russia

Motivation of young workers is an important research and applied problem. The need for effective motivation of this category of labour resources is dictated by the inevitability of personnel update and market relations. This article reveals the results of a study of motivators and demotivators labour youth activities in railway transport carried out by the author's method. In this article shows the specific of motivational sphere of young men.

Keywords: Motivation, motivator, demotivator, young worker, railway transport, reform.