This article discusses the urban planning concept of camping sites as objects of roadside service. The functional structure of the camping is considered. The analysis of the transport infrastructure and tourist flow of the Arkhyz district is carried out. The scientific experience in the organization of the camping system is considered. Based on the analysis done, a model of the formation of the functional structure of the camping system has been compiled.

Keywords: camping, transport infrastructure, roadside service facilities, auto tourism, tourism, camping industry, camping system

The article discusses the method of thermal disinfection of hot water systems, its features and effectiveness, provides various schemes that ensure the processing of the system and the destruction of legionella bacteria.

Keywords: hot water supply, thermal disinfection, legionella, hot water schemes, centralized hot water systems

Currently, the estimated (marginal) cost of construction is calculated using aggregated construction price standards. Since the objects on the basis of which the collections of enlarged construction price standards were formed were calculated using the basic-index method, the standards do not reflect the real cost due to an imbalance between the standards and real prices. To solve this problem, it is proposed to form a database of completed projects that were built using information modeling technologies, and the estimated cost was calculated using the resource method. As it is filled, this database can become the main tool for determining the estimated cost of construction or the basis for updating collections of aggregated construction price standards.

Keywords: aggregated construction price standard, basic-index method, resource method, information modeling technologies, digital information model, database

The author analyzed the main directions of housing construction, requirements and regulations of the Republic of Iraq; shortcomings of architectural and planning solutions for apartments and houses in the housing construction of Iraq were revealed. The elimination of the noted shortcomings should become the basis for improving the quality of architectural solutions for mass housing in Iraq.

Keywords: architecture, dwelling, layout, Arab house, apartment, living cell, living group, construction, Anbar province, Iraq

Based on the beginning of the least work, theoretical dependencies were obtained to determine the internal forces in the elements of the combined trussed system. The analysis of the calculation results of a trussed beam with four posts was carried out and the physical side of the phenomenon of bending during the interaction of the main structure of the trussed beam with elements of a multi-post truss was revealed.

Keywords: truss beam, combined system, multi-column truss, relative eccentricity, potential energy

The article discusses a new type of reinforced concrete columns with local prestressing of reinforcement. Such elements can be used for high flexibilities and eccentricities of the longitudinal force, for example, in the construction of industrial buildings. The derivation of resolving equations for determining the stress-strain state of the structures under consideration at the stage of prestressing is presented. Equations are obtained for calculating the level of prestresses in reinforcement, at which technological cracks are formed, expressions for determining stresses in concrete and reinforcement, as well as the deflection of the column at the manufacturing stage. The calculation algorithms are implemented numerically in the MATLAB environment. A comparison of the calculation by the author's method with finite element modeling in the LIRA software package in a three-dimensional setting is presented, taking into account the physical nonlinearity of concrete.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, columns, prestressing, stress-strain state, reinforcement, manufacturing stage, technological cracks, deflection

The researches results of the fuel ash waste’s and grain crops straw’s influence on the properties of the producing expanded clay gravel are presented in the paper. These wastes were used as auxiliary additives in the raw combination. The optimal composition of the raw combination has been established in the laboratory, for which physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples, including water absorption, compressive strength, bulk density, were analyzed. Characteristics of the expanded clay gravel samples are compared with the state standards requirements. It was found, that the addition 5% fuel ash and 1.5% crop waste (grain straw) ensures optimal swelling of the combination and high strength characteristics of the finished product.

Keywords: expanded clay, fuel ash, waste of crop production, swelling, construction materials, porosity.

The paper presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of water softening using sodium-cationite filters with countercurrent modes of operation according to the flow schemes of purified water relative to the direction of supply of regeneration solution and washing water. The research was carried out at a pilot ion exchange facility using a single-stage sodium-cation scheme in laminar operation. It has been found that the flow from bottom to top under the resin layer leads to its compaction due to high hydraulic resistance, which in the case of water supply leads to an increase in softening efficiency, and the flow from top to bottom facilitates its passage through the resin layer due to low hydraulic resistance, which in the case of water supply increases the resin resource, and in the case of the supply of regeneration solution and washing water contributes to a more complete regeneration and washing of the layer from the residual amount of NaCl solution. A comparative characteristic of three grades of resins was carried out during two filter cycles with different countercurrent schemes. According to the results, the resins of the brands Purolite C100E and Tokem-150 are recommended for use in countercurrent circuits of filters for water softening.

Keywords: water purification, water softening, water hardness, hardness salts, ion exchange, sodium-cationite resins, resin regeneration, countercurrent regeneration, resin resource, resin regeneration degree

The analysis carried out in the article showed that the sacred architecture of Ingushetia is represented not by separate objects, but by sacred complexes, which always include three objects of worship, corresponding to the triune deity appearing in three persons: the main male deity, the secondary male deity and the female deity. The second conclusion related to the first, all sacred complexes of Ingushetia can be attributed to Christian architecture. Four groups of sacred complexes were identified: the temple of Thaba-Erda, general atronymic significance, patronymic significance, generic complexes. The last two groups are discussed in detail. It was revealed that sacred complexes reflect the processes of nativization of Christianity, both in the interaction of Christian and pagan mythology, and in the deification of the nature of a particular place. The architecture of each object individually may seem primitive, but the architecture of the entire complex as a whole, including the path from object to object, views of the surrounding space of mountains and gorges, a system of sacred trees and stones along this path, the movement of the sun is a unique phenomenon.

Keywords: medieval architecture of Ingushetia, sacred complexes, traditional cultures, nativization of Christian culture

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the architectural features of the sacred complexes of Galgai-che of the XIII-XIV centuries. on the territory of Ingushetia. In the context of the natural-spatial arrangement, the manifestations of religious contamination in the spatial organization and external forms of "folk" temples are considered. The originality of the options for "folk" temple building was revealed. The peculiarities of temples characteristic of late Nestorianism were revealed. This method is used for the first time to study the sacred complexes of Ingushetia. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a comprehensive study of planning, space-dimensional solutions and construction equipment of churches allows us to confirm their dating and attribution, to establish the chronological proximity of the monuments.

Keywords: Folk temple building, architecture of the Middle Ages, traditional architecture of the Vainakhs

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the safety of buildings affected by natural and man-made accidents and disasters. Within the framework of the work, the stages of assessing the safety of buildings affected by natural and man-made accidents and disasters are presented; measures of a technical and organizational nature were proposed to improve the quality of the assessment of the technical condition and safety of capital construction projects; the main directions for solving the problem of timely organization of the process of assessing the technical condition and safety of buildings affected by natural and man-made emergencies are considered.

Keywords: building safety assessment, natural disaster, man-made accident, man-made disaster, restoration work, emergencies

As part of the study, the problem of developing the peripheral territories of the St. Petersburg agglomeration according to the existing monocentric model will be raised. On the example of the territory of one of the settlements currently being developed in the peripheral zone of the agglomeration (the village of Novosaratovka), the potentials ("vectors") of its development will be identified and strategies for its development according to the polycentric model will be proposed, with the formation of a general strategy for the development of the settlement with the prospect of applying it to similar " new" territories.

Keywords: St. Petersburg agglomeration, polycentric model, “dormitory” areas, peripheral territories, Novosaratovka village, ecological, socio-cultural, public and business potential, “vectors” of development, territory development strategy, support center

The cause of failures of building structures is design errors (18 - 51%). For metal structures the most frequent (22 - 44%) reason of failures is the loss of stability of its elements. At the conceptual design stage, it is important to have simple ways of determining design lengths of compressed structural members. A single-span two-storey hinge supported frame is considered. The magnitude of the critical load on the frame depends on the distribution of concentrated forces over the frame nodes. Doing a series of calculations, we find that: the minimum value of critical load is obtained when the force F of the left post of the second floor is loaded; maximum value is obtained by loading the first floor props with the same forces F/2. For practically important cases the parameters determining the critical load differ from one another by no more than 5% . The notion of ro-similar frames as frames with the same ratio of linear rigidity of a transom and a column is introduced. It is shown that the parameter, determining the critical load on the frame, is the same for ro-similar frames. For almost important cases, approximate formulas have been obtained, allowing to determine the critical load parameter and the calculated lengths of compressed rods with an error of not more than 5%.

Keywords: flat frame, loss of stability, critical force, design lengths, stability equation, ro-similar frames, approximation, least squares method.

The calculation of statically indeterminate structures, such as a two-span reinforced concrete beam in an elastic formulation does not reflect the actual force resistance, therefore, calculations of such structures are performed taking into account the occurrence of plastic deformations and the formation of plastic hinges, and the presence of local corrosion damage to concrete and reinforcement determines other dependencies of the redistribution of forces in the bent elements. The numerical calculation of 14 models with various corrosion damages along the length of the beam is performed. The dependence of the increase in deflections on the percentage of corrosion damage at various stages of loading is presented. The dependences of the redistribution of emerging forces in the span and supporting parts of a two-span beam on the percentage (length) of corrosion damage are shown. It was found that with 1% of damage at the initial stages of loading, there is a jump of tensile forces in the armature located in the span of the beam. It is determined that the greatest redistribution of tensile forces in the supporting part of the beam, which has 50-70% corrosion damage, is 11%.

Keywords: reinforced concrete beam, redistribution of forces, plastic hinge, corrosion of reinforced concrete, numerical calculation, bearing capacity

The lack of water resources determines the problem of their rationing. Existing water consumption standards provide for a wide range of daily consumption values. This does not take into account possible measures to save water, provided for by the concept of buildings with a zero balance of water consumption. In addition, the technical specifications for the design of water supply systems include, for economic reasons, the smallest possible number of residents. The actual occupancy may exceed the planned one by several times, which requires further investment of additional funds already in the reconstruction of the newly built network. The objective of the study is to develop an analytical model of water consumption, the analysis of which allows us to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the specific water consumption with a variable population.

Keywords: specific water consumption, indifference curves, resource replacement rates, marginal water consumption

The article deals with the analysis of the formation of a public center in military camps, including the analysis of towns in various military districts, as well as the estimated number of military camps.

Keywords: military camps, standard building projects, public buildings, numbers, cooperation

In connection with the development of computational complexes of the finite element method, sometimes there is a problem of choosing methods and techniques for numerical experiments with the lining of interlinear subway tunnels. The aim of this article is to consider the possibility of using one-dimensional and two-dimensional elements in modeling the lining of an underpass tunnel and the necessity of using contact elements in modeling the lining. In order to fulfill this task, two computational schemes with the lining modeled by one-dimensional elements and by two-dimensional elements have been created using the example of the existing Moscow Metro tunnel.

Keywords: finite element method, one-dimensional elements, two-dimensional elements, contact element, contact problems, tunnel, metro, mathematical modeling, stress-strain state

Currently, one of the most promising and cost-effective methods of seismic isolation is the use of passive energy dissipation systems. The research carried out in this article focuses on the use of a new hybrid energy dissipation device that combines a parallel layer of an inexpensive viscoelastic material and a metal component. Typically, the viscoelastic material in such systems is attached to steel shock absorbers with an adhesive. In this article, the behavior of a viscoelastic material is studied when it is attached to a metal component without the use of glue, being held only by friction and pressure. The influence of the compression force on the elastic and damping properties of a viscoelastic material arranged in a seismic damper has been established, and the pressing force has been determined, which ensures the optimal functional properties of the viscoelastic material.

Keywords: earthquake, seismic safety, damper, thermal expansion, viscoelastic material, rubber compound, rubber, resin, polymer, vibration, seismic isolation

This article discusses one of the most important social resources - social capital. Its role in the modern life of the population is considered, as well as its dependence on various factors. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the concept of social capital in the peripheral territories of St. Petersburg, where it is currently planned to build ordinary residential areas. In the article, the concept of social capital is applied in these territories in order to create a comfortable environment for a person, different from the existing situation in such areas. The main connecting role between social groups is played by public spaces, because these are the main places of interaction between residents, where they meet, relax, work, etc. The paper examines in detail the various types of public spaces and the degree of their influence on citizens. Based on the results, a conclusion was made about the impact of social capital on the quality of urban life.

Keywords: social capital, urban planning, district, third place, meeting place, design, concept, St. Petersburg, Shushary, Novosaratovka, block, development, residents, recreational areas, landscapingn

The relevance of modeling the temperature regime and the stress-strain state in the early period of the construction of massive monolithic reinforced concrete structures is shown. Some data are given on the temperature and time parameters of the formation of temperature fields in structures with a surface modulus from less than 1.1 to 2.4 from concrete classes from B25 to B70, both fast and slowly hardening. Based on the results of processing numerous data, the quantitative values ​​of the parameters of the heat release kinetics for the proposed dependence are substantiated. A simplified method for calculating thermal stresses is proposed, based on the proposed and substantiated dependences of concrete properties on its degree of maturity, which are confirmed by numerous experimental data, incl. obtained by other researchers. The calculated values ​​of stresses obtained during the construction of a temperature-shrinkage block 20x20x2 m from concrete of fast and slow hardening classes B25 and B45 were compared with some experimental results and modeling data. The conclusion is made about the inexpediency of using concrete of class B45 due to the high risk of cracking in the period of 1.5 - 3 days. When using concrete of class B25, preference should be given to fast-hardening.

Keywords: massive monolithic structures, thermal stresses, cracking, degree of concrete maturity, kinetics

As a result of processing the experimental data of the authors and other researchers, a relationship was obtained between the adhesion strength of the Acc with a concrete base and the axial tensile strength Rt of solutions without RPP Acc = 0.23ˑRt at R2 = 0.996. A tendency to increase the adhesion strength to 30% with an increase in the dosage of RPP to 2% and up to 130% with the dosage of RPP 3%, while a significant effect on the adhesion strength of the type of cement and RPP has been established. The data on the role of the age of the concrete base and its treatment before applying a repair (restoring) mortar or concrete mixture on the adhesion strength are given. The dependence of the elastic modulus of mortar or fine-grained concrete on the axial tensile strength, invariant to prescription factors, is obtained. The discrepancy of some standards in terms of the requirements for the base during tests for adhesion strength was noted.

Keywords: dry building mixes, adhesion strength, modulus of elasticity, redispersible polymer powders, repair mixes

The article presents a modern technological solution in the field of preparation of hydrogen sulfide natural waters for domestic and drinking and technical purposes. The developed technology of iron-catalytic purification of natural hydrogen sulfide-containing waters in a reactor with an ultrafiltration separator is easy to operate, a small amount of peripheral equipment and a high speed of processes, and also has no by-products and is completely environmentally safe. The proposed technological parameters are experimentally obtained and confirmed using approved scientifically based methods of analysis, the use of metrologically certified instruments and equipment, a large amount of experimental data and their high convergence with calculated values. The presented solution can be recommended for use at water treatment facilities for the purposes of water supply to enterprises, small blue areas and individual households.

Keywords: purification of natural hydrogen sulfide waters, groundwater treatment technology, water treatment, hydrogen sulfide, catalytic iron oxidation, atmospheric oxygen, iron hydroxide, membrane separation, ultrafiltration, innovative technologies

The article presents studies of the monument of the Middle Ages of the VII- VIII centuries the fortress of Khashupse (Abkhazia), the features of its planning organization. The scientific novelty of the article is that a detailed study of the Hashupse fortress is being conducted for the first time.

Keywords: fortifications, planning organizations,medieval architecture of Abkhazia, fortress

An engineering technique for determining the bearing capacity of reinforced bending elements of building structures made of a binary composite material with a multi-modulus, nonlinearly elastic polypropylene matrix and powder filler is described. Information about various approaches to solving the problem proposed by other researchers is given. The author's method for obtaining the predicted physical and mechanical characteristics of binary composite materials is described, which gives more accurate results compared to known approaches. An algorithm for iterative refinement of the geometric characteristics of structural elements with an arbitrary cross section and a non-linearly elastic matrix has been developed. A computer program is described that automates the process of characterization, examples of specific cross sections are given. The possibility of refining the geometric characteristics of elements in the direction of their increase is proved.

Keywords: composites, matrix, filler, non-linear elastic material, armature, iterative process, computer program, beam, I-beam, geometric characteristics