The provisions on the choice of vehicles for the transportation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are considered. Transportation can be carried out using general-purpose and specialized vehicles. The existing rules for loading onto road transport are aimed at eliminating the formation of defects in structures. For loading onto vehicles in structures, various devices for slinging are used - mounting loops, holes, or other elements provided for by working drawings for specific structures. Ensuring the safety of transported structures is possible only when studying the complex system "road - vehicle - transported structures". Factors that should be taken into account when calculating for transport effects: type of product (columns, slabs, panels, etc.) and its design features; type of vehicle (column carrier, panel carrier, etc.) with its characteristics; type of road and speed of transportation.

Keywords: transportation, road transport, loading, precast concrete, slab, truss, column, beam

The article is devoted to the topic of secondary use of oil industry waste, namely drilling mud, as an additive in the production of building bricks. In the article, the most used methods of drilling mud processing in the oil production industry are discussed. To date, there is no ecologically effective method of processing, utilization and neutralization of drilling waste. Processing technologies that involve the use of drilling waste as secondary raw materials are gaining popularity, but are not fully developed. Special attention in the article is devoted to consideration of the use of drilling mud waste as a secondary raw material. The laboratory studies of the application of drilling mud in the production of ceramic bricks are presented, the main purpose of which is to reduce the negative impact on the environment, reduce the costs of transportation, storage, processing of drilling waste, as well as the economy of natural resources.

Keywords: drilling, oil industry waste, drill cuttings, sludge pits, negative impact on the environment, recycling, secondary resource, component composition, construction

The analysis of the dependences of the "flexural strength – compressive strength" of ordinary concretes obtained as a result of processing numerous experimental data of the authors and borrowed from published works, as well as data presented in various regulatory documents is presented. Based on the obtained regression equations describing the dependence of the flexural strength of concrete on the compressive strength in the compressive strength range from 30 to 100 MPa, it is concluded that it is advisable to normalize the classes of flexural strength without taking into account the prescription features of concrete. Some inconsistency of the ratios of classes for flexural strength and compression in the analyzed regulatory documents has been revealed. The high reliability of the previously obtained dependence of the flexural strength of concrete on the compressive strength has been confirmed. A formula is proposed that takes into account the effect of the addition of silica fume in the composition of the concrete mixture on the ratio of flexural strength and compression. The role of the quality of aggregates in ensuring high flexural strength of concrete is noted.

Keywords: the flexural strength of concrete, the compressive strength of concrete, concrete strength classes, concrete for road and airfield coatings

The features of classification of construction products and construction materials are considered, and optimization of their existing classification structure is proposed. The analysis of existing domestic and international systems of classification of construction information, domestic normative and technical literature is carried out and classification features for construction material and construction product are determined. The optimization of the classification tables (CTs) based on the application of the principles of the ISO 81346 standard series and the refusal to duplicate the structure of the construction resources classifier, on reducing the number of classes and subclasses taking into account the ISO 81346 criteria and moving classes and subclasses within CTs with the corresponding changes in the code designations is suggested.

Keywords: construction information classifier, information modeling, information model of capital construction object, classification of construction materials and products

The transitional type of pavement of highways is widespread in Russia. At the same time, the increased estimated time between repairs cannot be fully ensured by the adoption of existing design solutions for the installation of transitional pavement pavements. This is confirmed by the dynamics of changes in the operational state, presented on the example of the road of regional importance Birakan - Kuldur in the section km 0+000 - km 25+000 in the Jewish Autonomous Region. Non-failure operation during the estimated overhaul and estimated service life of the pavement is assessed by the destruction coefficient, the limit values of which are set in the regulatory documentation. A significant decrease in the pavement destruction coefficient during the first few years of operation indicates insufficient strength and stability of the transition pavement pavement, which determines the need to develop special measures to ensure them.

Keywords: road, pavement, transitional type of pavement, pavement, destruction coefficient, overhaul life, longitudinal evenness, strength

In this paper, the analysis of technical solutions in the manufacturing technology of concreted pipes is considered. When constructing underwater crossings, the most reliable and effective method of ballasting is the method involving the use of pipes with a solid concrete coating. Concrete coatings, among other things, provide protection of the main pipeline from mechanical damage, as well as from the effects of an aggressive environment. The compositions of fine-grained concrete for concreting the surface of steel pipes using non-recycled waste of steel wire rope or pipe production are proposed. It has been established that the use of these wastes in certain dosages contributes to an increase in the strength of concrete, high frost resistance while reducing the amount of expensive heavy aggregates.

Keywords: weighting pipe coatings, production waste, fine-grained concrete, strength, frost resistance

In the context of the development of energy-efficient construction production, the issue of eliminating the irrational consumption of fuel and energy resources and regulating their consumption in the course of construction and installation work, including the demolition of an object, has been updated. The article discusses the features of the production of dismantling works in the process of renovation of residential buildings, taking into account the consumption of fuel and energy resources by the main consumers - means of mechanization. On the example of a five-story brick residential building, the total energy consumption during demolition by the method of mechanical collapse and element-by-element disassembly with the preservation of suitable materials was determined, and the relationship between these two options was established. The calculations showed that the consumption of fuel and energy resources during the element-by-element dismantling of all building structures with the preservation of suitable materials for brick heated buildings is 55.3% less compared to dismantling the building by the collapse method; in monetary terms, the energy costs for option 1 exceed the costs for option 2 by 1.55 times.

Keywords: fuel and energy resources, renovation, demolition, dismantling, energy efficiency, building production, elemental dismantling, mechanical collapse

The article presents the technological aspects of obtaining solid synthetic hydrocarbons (paraffins) used to obtain and improve building materials. It is shown that a promising alternative to petroleum paraffins is the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from non-oil, including renewable carbon-containing raw materials. The main reaction conditions, synthesis catalysts, promoters that contribute to the maximum yield of a solid product, the prospects for the use of biomass, carbon-containing wastes, and carbon dioxide in the technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons are considered.

Keywords: synthetic hydrocarbons, catalysts, promoters, building materials, modifiers

Construction control at the stage of preparation for the commissioning of the object requires checking the quality of external enclosing structures according to the air permeability parameter. The GOST 31167 methodology available to specialists, as well as other similar methods, is based on the principle of creating and maintaining the required pressure drop in the room and beyond its boundary for a long time while simultaneously determining the flow rate of the air supplied for testing. The essence of this method is that it limits the possibility of quantifying the values of air permeability through specific sections of external enclosing structures and allows you to determine only complex indicators for one room or a group of rooms without specifying specific values of defects in various types of exterior walls, window fillings, door openings, and abutments. The proposed method of qualitative and quantitative assessment of air permeability is based on an additional analysis of the temperature fields of the internal surfaces of external enclosing structures while ensuring a given difference in pressure and temperature of the indoor and outdoor air entering the room by creating a vacuum. Conducting field studies is necessarily complemented by the results of numerical modeling of structures in undisturbed and defective states.

Keywords: non-stationary heat transfer, numerical modeling, calculation of temperatures in the defect region, analysis of temperature fields, air permeability resistance, experimental evaluation of air permeability

Products made of gypsum binders have heat and sound insulation properties, fire resistance, high technical, economic and environmental indicators, which are used in construction in the construction of internal walls and partitions, the total area of which, as a rule, is several times larger than the area of external walls. By reducing the density of gypsum products due to the introduction of light aggregates, it is possible to reduce the mass of walls, lighten the building, reduce the load on foundations and reduce the cost of construction, while improving thermal protection. However, traditional lightweight fillers increase the water demand of the mixture and reduce the strength of the material. Therefore, in the article, the purpose of the study was to determine the optimal composition of gypsum compositions with various types of filler to obtain the best set of properties of the obtained samples.

Keywords: gypsum concrete, perlite, vermiculite, experiment, filler, density

The comparison of technological settlement values during the construction of various variants of diaphragm wall is presented. Numerical modeling of the construction of a diaphragm wall enclosure was performed in weak water-saturated clayey soils using the Plaxis 3D software package. The investigation results revealed that the technological settlement of the building foundation caused by constructing a trench-type diaphragm wall significantly exceeds the values observed in the construction of a diaphragm wall with augered piles.

Keywords: technological settlement, excavation enclosure, diaphragm wall, numerical modeling, Plaxis

The assumptions of mathematical models for calculating the crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures are considered. For each of them, an analysis was carried out to determine whether they correspond to reality throughout the entire life cycle of the structure: from the hardening of the concrete mix to destruction. Based on the results of the analysis, it was proposed to use only one single calculation at the level of standards to assess the crack resistance of structures - according to the crack opening width, acrc. So, for example, at a certain value of acrc, the structure will still remain airtight (the cracks will be non-through), and if this value is exceeded, it will not. At the same time, the calculations already available in the norms for limiting permeability and the safety of reinforcement will still remain in demand. At the junction of the theory of damage accumulation and nonlinear fracture mechanics, a compressed algorithm is proposed for possibly taking into account the influence of cracks at all scale levels of the concrete structure, the key for which is the normalization of the statistical parameters of the distribution of discontinuities by diameters, lengths, openings, depths, directions, distances between discontinuities, etc.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, crack resistance, cracking moment, crack width, plasticity coefficient, damageability, non-linear fracture mechanics

The Kazan Kremlin is a unique object in its historical heritage. It intertwined epochs of many peoples and ethnic groups. Arising as a parking lot, and then as a Finno-Ugric settlement, it developed as a Bulgarian, Tatar and Russian fortress. The last so-called Russian era is rich in its diversity. References have been preserved in the sources and a lot of literature has been written about it. This publication gives the main points of the development of the fortress in the second half of the 16th - 18th centuries.

Keywords: Kazan Kremlin, fortifications, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development

This article discusses the system of construction control of capital construction objects, its participants and their interaction. Purpose: analysis of the building control system, interaction of its participants, determination of the main factors influencing the functioning of the building control system. Methods: the method of synthesis and scientific analysis was used. Results: the authors identified the main factors influencing the efficiency of the construction control system. Conclusions: the identified main factors provoke a decrease in the efficiency of the construction control system. The prospect of the study is further analysis of the factors to find their elimination.

Keywords: construction control system, interaction of participants, factors

An approach is proposed to determine the parameters of concreting flat massive foundation slabs - the operational performance of the concrete mix supplier, vehicles and concrete pump, taking into account the limiting factors - the intensity of the supply and placement of the concrete mix and the time of overlapping layers. A scheme for determining the overall coefficient of operational performance is proposed. As a result of timing, the values ​​of the transition coefficient from technical to operational productivity, respectively, for a concrete mixer truck with a volume of 10 m3 from 0.54 to 0.65 and 0.41 for a concrete pump truck with a technical productivity of 120 m3 / h, respectively, were determined when concreting a massive flat foundation slab with a volume of 1500 m3 using concrete mix with grade P4 for workability at a delivery distance of up to 50 m. It is proposed to consider a coefficient that takes into account the decrease in the productivity of an autoconcrete pump due to the variability of the concrete mix supply mode as the main reserve for increasing operational productivity. Schemes are given for determining the duration of concreting a structure without technological interruptions, both with an equal thickness of the stacked layers, and with different schemes for assigning the thicknesses of the stacked layers. The inexpediency of erecting such structures with a layer overlapping time of less than 4 hours is shown. The approach considered in the work can be used to select rational methods for concreting such structures in a continuous pattern or with division into temperature-shrinkage blocks and the construction of working joints. The latter scheme, in connection with the problem of ensuring the quality of the seams and the solidity of the structure, seems to be less preferable.

Keywords: concreting intensity, technical productivity, operational productivity, massive flat foundation slabs, layer overlap time, layer thickness

The article presents the results of experimental studies to study the effect of the hydrogen index of the medium on the iron-catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide with air oxygen in a reactor with an ultrafiltration separator in the pH range from 6.0 to 10.0 at Fe(OH) catalyst doses3 – 100, 500 and 1000 mg/dm3. The results obtained make it possible to optimize the operation of one of the modern technological solutions in the field of preparation of ground hydrogen sulfide waters based on the method of iron-catalytic oxidation and ultrafiltration.

Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, iron-catalytic oxidation, air oxygen, iron hydroxide, membrane separation, ultrafiltration

The article presents the results of a study of the use of reinforcement in glued wooden elements of a circular mesh vault. The use of reinforcement in flat wooden structures has proven itself well, but the possibility of using reinforcement in large-span spatial structures still remains little explored. A number of authors presented conflicting data regarding the increase in the bearing capacity and rigidity of reinforced wooden glued elements. In the proposed work, a numerical experiment was performed to compare various options for reinforcing elements of a circular mesh vault. 10 options for external and internal reinforcement of elements with various materials were considered. As a result of the analysis of the stress distribution in the section of the elements, it was revealed that external reinforcement is a more priority method of reinforcement in terms of the stress-strain state of the element. The dependences of the deflection on the height of the section and the area of the reinforcement were determined. The most appropriate solution in terms of material consumption, economic efficiency and corrosion resistance is internal reinforcement with carbon composite reinforcement.

Keywords: Circular mesh vault, glued timber, wood reinforcement, FRP, external reinforcement, numerical stress analysis, economic efficiency of reinforcement

When solving the problem of ensuring the mechanical safety of buildings and structures according to GOST 27551-2014 “Reliability of building structures and foundations. Basic provisions” it is allowed to apply a risk-oriented approach. A mandatory stage of this approach is the forecast of the expected accident risk situation of the facility. Due to the fact that the current regulatory documents on risks do not reflect all the features of the stress-strain state of building structures and foundations of buildings and structures during the operation of structures and, therefore, do not allow for a sufficiently accurate assessment of the safety of structural systems, risk assessment for building structures is a very relevant scientific and technical problem.

Keywords: building, building structures, design, destruction, safety, accident risk, risk assessment, risk management, monitoring and risk analysis

The article deals with the application of load-bearing and enclosing structures made of glued wood for multi-storey, including residential, buildings. Introduction. The relevance of the construction of wooden multi-storey buildings is confirmed by quite a large experience of construction abroad. Also, there is an increasing interest in this industry in Russia at present. Theoretical numerical study and technical and economic evaluation of the results. The stress-strain state and technical and economic indicators of three structural schemes of the building are analysed in the proposed work on the basis of the theoretical study: frame scheme - full frame with bearing columns, floor and roof beams; combined structural scheme - vertical bearing elements are wooden columns, glued wooden panel is used as floor and roof; frameless structural scheme - all the structural elements are made of glued wooden panels. Conclusions. As a result, the most rational and economically favourable structural solution of a multi-storey building made of glued wooden elements has been obtained.

Keywords: glued timber structures, wooden multi-storey building, structural design, economic efficiency, stress-strain state

The defensive structures of the Kazan yurt are unique in both historical and architecturally objects. The era of many peoples and ethnic groups intertwined in them. Their development was influenced by a large number of factors. Their detailed analysis is the purpose of this work.

Keywords: defensive structures, architecture, fortress, construction, architectural appearance, stages of development, Kazan yurt

The article considers examples of atmospheric air monitoring in linear and compact cities. The issues of atmospheric air pollution are considered, examples of components of pollutants coming from stationary and mobile sources are given. The analysis of the monitoring system of cities with different urban planning is carried out.

Keywords: linear city, compact city, highway, pollution, monitoring, monitoring posts, motor transport, gas pollution, exhaust gases

This work is a continuation of a scientific study to determine the effectiveness of composite materials based on carbon fabric in the field of strengthening bending and compressed elements. The article is devoted to the determination of the geometric characteristics of prototypes, the description of the structure of the internal metal frame and the methodology for strengthening reinforced concrete samples. The importance of this scientific work lies in the fact that one of the most popular companies selling composite materials in Russia (“Gidrozo”) proposes to use a new technology for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures that differs from that recommended in the norms. However, according to the manufacturer's specialists, this technique not only ensures reliable adhesion and joint operation of reinforcement materials and structural concrete, but also significantly increases the efficiency of the composite material.

Keywords: steel, heavy concrete, reinforced concrete, composite material, reinforcement, carbon fiber, test, stand, beam, sample

The main characteristics of the building for dynamic calculation are the frequency and forms of natural oscillations. These values are related to the rigidity of the building, the rigidity of the elastic foundation and its mass. To study the effect of the stiffness of the elastic foundation, an equivalent idealized model of free oscillations of a cantilever rod is considered. The calculation takes into account the rigidity of the support. For the considered model, a transcendental equation and its numerical solution is obtained. Solutions for the limiting cases of elastic foundation stiffness are obtained. The obtained results allow us to analyze the effect of the stiffness of the elastic foundation on the frequencies of natural oscillations. It is calculated that with an increase in the stiffness of the elastic foundation, the frequencies of natural oscillations increase. The influence is limited and has an asymptotic character. The rigidity of the elastic foundation can have a significant effect on the natural frequencies of the first five bending forms of natural oscillations and may not be taken into account for higher-order forms.

Keywords: dynamics, natural oscillations, natural frequencies, building, structure, transcendental equation, elastic foundation, elastic support

The article discusses commodity futures price forecasting using a temporal convolutional network. Commodity futures forecasting is an important task for investors and traders because it allows you to predict future prices and the direction of the market. Commodity futures forecasting can be done using a variety of methods and approaches. One such approach is the use of deep learning models, which consists in predicting futures quotes using artificial neural networks. There are many types of neural networks, among them the most popular for the task of processing time series are recurrent neural networks. However, recurrent neural networks have certain disadvantages that a temporal convolutional network does not have. The temporal convolutional network architecture has unique features such as parallel processing of data, extraction of short- and long-term dependencies, and extraction of important features on different time scales. An experiment was conducted to assess the accuracy of predicting the closing price of seven commodity futures using a temporary convolutional network and an ARIMA statistical model with automatic selection of parameters. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the temporary convolutional network is superior to the statistical ARIMA model and is a very effective model for forecasting commodity futures. However, despite the high potential of the proposed forecasting model, it is also important to take into account various other analytical methods, such as fundamental analysis and expert opinion.

Keywords: machine learning, temporal convolutional neural network, commodity futures forecasting, commodities, financial time series