The paper presents a new approach to assessing the level of contamination with heavy metals of the soil-like fraction from landfills using Monte Carlo simulation using the example of landfills located within the borders of Volgograd.It was found that with a probability of 36.2%, the contamination level of a soil-like fraction from the landfill located in the Voroshilovsky district will correspond to moderately hazardous, and with a probability of 63.8%, hazardous. It is economically justified to isolate a soil-like fraction with a low level of pollution to detoxify it and further use it in the territory reclamation. For a soil-like fraction from landfill located in the Traktorozavodsky district, the pollution level was determined as extremely hazardous and hazardous with a probability of 87.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It is shown that a useful and usable part cannot be isolated from a soil-like fraction. A soil-like fraction must be neutralized and placed at waste disposal facilities.The presented approach is a useful instrument for pollution level assessment of a soil-like fraction, which can increase the accuracy of an estimate and the management effectiveness of a soil-like fraction during landfill development.

Keywords: landfill, soil-like fraction, heavy metals, pollution level, Monte Carlo method, modeling

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that currently there is no linking of the calendar plan to the schedule for the development of capital investments. The principle of constructing a schedule for the development of capital investments is proposed, which ensures the uniformity and proportionality of the use of financial resources. Schedules for the development of capital investments are constructed, each schedule for the development of capital investments corresponds to an image describing the change in the absolute value of the profitability of the investment and construction project. The use of a mathematical apparatus describing the movement of a material point can be used in the development of investment schedules and calendar plans for construction. The construction of construction schedules in the section of the construction organization project based on investment schedules will have a significant impact on the economic efficiency of investment projects.

Keywords: construction schedule, investments, return on investment, development of capital investments, duration of construction, efficiency of capital investments

This article analyzes data processing problems for training a neural network. The first stage of model training - feature extraction - is discussed in detail. The article discusses the method of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. The spectrum of the voice signal was plotted. By multiplying the vectors of the signal spectrum and the window function, we found the signal energy that falls into each of the analysis windows. Next, we calculated the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. The use of a chalk scale helps in audio analysis tasks and is used in training neural networks when working with speech. The use of mel-cepstral coefficients significantly improved the quality of recognition due to the fact that it made it possible to see the most informative coefficients. These coefficients have already been used as input to the neural network. The method with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients made it possible to reduce the input data for training, increase productivity, and improve recognition clarity.

Keywords: machine learning, data preprocessing, audio analysis, mel-cepstral coefficients, feature extraction, voice signal spectrum, Fourier transform, Hann window, discrete cosine transform, short Fourier transform

The article considers the information modeling of the building frame of a complex shape in the plan. The Dynamo program for Autodesk Revit is used to build the geometry. The main goal was to achieve uniform color pressure maps when blowing a building using simulation modeling in an Autodesk CFD PC. The research method is numerical (finite element method). The LIRA-CAD software package was used. The finite element method was used to select the shape of the building and adjust its design scheme to achieve reliability and efficiency. The analysis of the structural elements of the object on the effect of wind loads, taking into account the pulsation component of the wind load, is carried out in order to improve the design decisions made.

Keywords: information modeling, finite element method, building frame, node system, modal analysis, waveforms

The article presents the development of a software tool for modeling the influence of physical processes occurring in a single-mode optical fiber as a result of bending deformation. Model of bending deformation of single-mode optical fiber is considered. Classical and refined models of deformation and their influence on the optical fiber params are given. The initial data required to implement the software tool is discussed in detail. The development of the modeling program was gradually considered. The specifics of the implemented program obtained during the computational experiment are indicated.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, optical fiber, bending deformation, modeling of deformed fiber behavior, computational experiment, software

The paper considers the possibility of using waste from the forest industry, construction waste and ash and slag waste from boiler heating as a basis for the creation of biofertilizers and components that improve the structure of heavy soils. The analysis of experience on the impact of crushed bricks, coniferous and leaf litter with the inclusion of wood components, and ash and slag waste of boiler heating on the growth functions of red clover and watercress over various time intervals is presented. The possibility of using the presented waste in the process of self-infestation of territories is considered. A number of experiments have been conducted to identify the phytotoxic effect, as well as the reaction of general inhibition or stimulation of growth indicators of higher plants when used as a substrate in pure form, or a mixture with natural soil, wood components, samples of ash and slag waste of various shelf life, brick fighting.

Keywords: forest industry waste, construction waste, broken bricks, ash and slag waste, self-fouling, phytotoxicity, soil structure, morphological changes of plants

The article presents a mathematical model for assessing the applicability of intelligent chatbots in the context of studying dialects of foreign languages. The model is based on the analysis of key parameters and characteristics of chatbots, as well as their ability to adapt to various dialects. The model's parameters include questions, answers, evaluation criteria, types, and costs of errors. The quality of the chatbot's responses is evaluated both according to individual criteria and overall. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental study was conducted using the dialects of the German language as examples. During the research, such intelligent chatbots as ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, YouChat, Bard, DeepSeek, and Chatsonic were evaluated. The analysis of the results of applying the developed mathematical model showed that at present, the models by OpenAI (ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4) offer the broadest range of possibilities. ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrated the best results in communication in Bavarian and Austrian dialects, while YouChat excelled in the Swiss dialect. The obtained results allow for important practical recommendations to be made for selecting intelligent chatbots in the field of studying dialects of foreign languages and serve as a basis for further research in the area of evaluating the effectiveness of educational technologies based on artificial intelligence.

Keywords: large language model, chatbot, quality assessment, foreign language learning, artificial intelligence technology in education

The paper presents the study of the effect of multiple cyclic humidification on the compressive strength across the grain edgewise of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), long-term sustained in conditions with high humidity. A significant decrease in its strength properties during cyclic humidification (up to 18% in three cycles) has been proved. The dynamics of crack growth due to the influence of the humidity factor is given.

Keywords: laminated veneer lumber, timber structures, strength, cyclic dampening, drying cracks, hygrostalness

The growing complexity of industrial systems significantly increases the surface of possible cyber attacks, and therefore requires reliable methods for assessing the security of infrastructure. Modern methods of security assessment rely on working with a large amount of data, the presentation of which is often not standardized. One of these sources is the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base, which contains information about attacking techniques in a format that allows you to interact with it programmatically. This work is aimed at solving the problem of normalizing the fields of external sources describing the attacking technique in order to increase the efficiency of working with the repository described above. The method proposed in this paper is based on the possibility of the specification of the STIX language used to describe the data presented in MITRE ATT&CK to expand and use open dictionaries. The development of the proposed method was based on data on the attacking techniques of the Enterprise matrix, as the most complete among all domains of the ATT&CK knowledge base, however, the proposed method is independent and does not depend on a specific domain.

Keywords: threat analysis, knowledge base, information security, MITRE ATT&CK, standardization

The paper considers the possibility of using forest industry waste as a basis for the creation of biofertilizers. Of the main types of waste, sawdust, wood chips and bark are the most discussed. Taking into account the minimal change in composition, they can be used for the production of biofuels, such as pellets or briquettes. In addition, they can be used for the production of compost and fertilizers. The review of patents with a brief description of the method of processing and use of wood waste in the field of biotechnology is given The most promising for today can be considered the use of these wastes for the production of biofertilizers (when enriched with microbiological crops, as well as in the mixed part with animal husbandry and crop production waste), as well as the possibility of recultivation of disturbed areas during logging.

Keywords: sawdust, compost, biofertilizers, forest industry waste, patent search, woodworking, microorganisms

The article presents the technological aspects of obtaining solid synthetic hydrocarbons (paraffins) used to obtain and improve building materials. It is shown that a promising alternative to petroleum paraffins is the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from non-oil, including renewable carbon-containing raw materials. The main reaction conditions, synthesis catalysts, promoters that contribute to the maximum yield of a solid product, the prospects for the use of biomass, carbon-containing wastes, and carbon dioxide in the technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons are considered.

Keywords: synthetic hydrocarbons, catalysts, promoters, building materials, modifiers

The article considers examples of atmospheric air monitoring in linear and compact cities. The issues of atmospheric air pollution are considered, examples of components of pollutants coming from stationary and mobile sources are given. The analysis of the monitoring system of cities with different urban planning is carried out.

Keywords: linear city, compact city, highway, pollution, monitoring, monitoring posts, motor transport, gas pollution, exhaust gases

The article discusses a mathematical model of an excavator's hydraulic shears, which describes the functional dependencies of their main parameters based on regression statistics. An algorithm for the process of selecting optimal parameters for hydraulic shears used to destroy metal structures during the dismantling process is presented, and a description of the developed software application that automates the process of selecting these parameters is given. The application described in the article will reduce the time required for the design stage of excavator attachments.

Keywords: attachments, hydraulic shears, dismantling, metal cutting, design, mathematical model, automation, selection of parameters, algorithm, program

The work is devoted to the problems of strategic planning in the digital technology market. The aim of the work is to build a decision support procedure for choosing a strategy, based on internal (related to the characteristics of the firm choosing the strategy) and external (conditioned by the state of the market) factors. It is assumed that the elementary strategy is described by the type, direction and applied area of activity. In this case, the possibility of combining several elementary strategies is considered. The main result of the work is a procedure for choosing a combined strategy based on the application of a genetic algorithm. The use of the methodological apparatus of evolutionary calculations is due to the large number of possible options for combined strategies and the complexity of their evaluation, which makes a complete enumeration of options impractical. The final choice is made by the decision maker based on their own preferences.

Keywords: IT market, decision support, genetic algorithm

Currently, the energy efficiency of buildings is one of the most pressing economic and environmental problems. Reducing energy costs not only minimizes building maintenance costs, but also reduces the negative impact on the environment. This article deals with the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the enclosing structures of polyclinic buildings and proposes a method for measuring the economic efficiency of the proposed enclosing structures of municipal polyclinics in Moscow. The implementation of an energy-efficient project for the reconstruction of polyclinic buildings requires an integrated approach, which includes the selection of optimal materials and structures, a thorough analysis and calculation of energy efficiency by measuring the savings in heat loss after the reconstruction of buildings. The implementation of this approach will reduce heat loss and increase the comfort of staying inside the buildings.

Keywords: energy efficiency, heat losses, reconstruction, enclosing structures, medical and healthcare institutions