Economic development directly depends on the creation of a network of roads of the highest category. Major road construction requires large capital investments and less funds are allocated for the operation of existing roads and infrastructure. Instead of replacing bridge structures, it is necessary to use their reconstruction. The article discusses the problem of reconstruction of bridge structures, namely the restoration of carrying capacity, which has decreased during many years of operation. The relevance of the study, its goals and objectives are noted. A classification of reinforcement structures according to various criteria is proposed. The types of bridge reinforcements often used in practice, their advantages and disadvantages, are analyzed. The presented material is illustrated with photographs of objects. Successful reconstruction directly depends on the qualifications of designers and contractors, since with insufficient reinforcement, the span continues to work and is overloaded and gradually collapses. A modern method of reinforcement based on the use of carbon composite is presented. Significant disadvantages of this method for strengthening bridges and its modification using a tensioning device to secure and tension the carbon lamellas have been noted. The use of a tensioning device allows the superstructure to be partially unloaded from permanent and temporary loads. The main conclusions are presented.

Keywords: bridge, strengthening, reconstruction, truss, carbon composite, lamella, load-carrying capacity, load-bearing capacity, tension

Article is devoted problems of safety of traffic. In given article are sounded a number of the reasons of occurrence of failures on highways. In article questions of influence of psychophysiological features of drivers on occurrence accidents are considered. The special attention is given that use of cellular telephones by drivers (despite prohibition by traffic regulations), and also every possible advertising materials in sight of drivers do not promote concentration of attention on driving process. Also in article questions of increase of safety of pedestrians, as participants of traffic are mentioned. In article the interrelation between road conditions and safety of traffic is investigated. That fact is marked, the reasons of adverse influence of road conditions can be obvious and hidden. In article the developed practice of roads design is analyzed. The given practice, in a due measure, does not consider requirements of landscape designing. Which, in turn, though are registered in the arch of rules, but have recommendatory character. Also in article questions of use of the minimum parameters of highways are mentioned at its designing.

Keywords: Safety of traffic, accidents , a highway, the driver, the pedestrian, roads design, a road condition, road conditions, intensity of movement, the road maintenance, landscape design of road

Article is devoted questions of road design taking into account its visual smoothness. In article questions of influence of visual smoothness on the providing by it of velocity of movement of vehicles are considered. In article the developed practice of roads design is analyzed. The given practice, in a due measure, does not consider requirements of landscape designing. Which, in turn, though are registered in the arch of rules, but have recommendatory character. Also in article questions of use of the minimum parameters of highways are mentioned at its designing. The necessary increase in the minimum parametres of norms of designing for maintenance of movement of vehicles with settlement speeds is recommended. The special attention in article is given transitive curves as their use at observance of principles of coordination of elements of the plan and a longitudinal profile provides visual smoothness and clearness of a line of a highway. It in turn raises traffic safety on these lines. The considerable attention is given the analysis of technical and psychological safety, as to the reasons of emergencies on roads. In article raising factors of values of radiuses for achievement of psychological comfort by the driver are offered at passage of curves to the plan.

Keywords: Road line, longitudinal profile, visual smoothness, landscape designing, radius of a horizontal curve, spiral curve, safety of traffic

Article is devoted geodetic researches, as the most important at designing of highways and airdromes. The complexes of works made at researches and designing are considered. Importance of topographical shooting of district by geodesists for creation of new cards, in the absence of cards, plans in contemporary records is noted. The special attention in article is given the modern geodetic equipment, such as: electronic recording tacheometer, GPS - antenna, and the 3D- scanner. These devices, their versions, scopes are in detail considered. The purposes and problems GPS of measurements, and also methods of work GPS of receivers are considered. In article- geodetic maintenance at building of elements of an airfield is in more details considered. Kinds of the works, which are carried out by geodesists, are designated. It is noticed that use of the modern equipment and software product AutoCAD, AutoCAD Civil 3D, CREDO, GENERAL PLAN Geonics, etc. To analogues of these software allows to save not only time for processing of field measurements, but also to carry out continuous control of a thickness of separate layers at packing that, in turn, leads to economy of means. In the conclusion authors underline special importance and responsibility assigned to geodetic service. It is noticed that introduction of the innovative equipment in all structures of road building will undoubtedly set good rate in development of a network of highways and airdromes.

Keywords: Geodetic researches, highway, electronic recording tacheometer, GPS - antenna, laser 3D - the scanner, topographical shooting, airdrome, aerial photography