In this paper we proposed a method for quantifying the total efficiency of programmable logic controllers from various manufacturers. The correct assessment makes it possible to select a programmable logic controller (PLC) as part of the implementation of the import substitution policy with a domestic product of devices from competing companies that have left the Russian market. The solution of the problem is carried out by the introduction of a linear rating scale for the selected characteristics of the PLC. Quantitative assessment of the qualitative characteristics of PLCs made it possible to obtain the value of the total efficiency for the PLCs considered in the work. Total efficiency is understood as a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of a programmable logic controller according to the selected characteristics. In this case, the characteristics may be of a different nature. We evaluated programmable logic controllers of four manufacturers: Siemens, Yokogawa, OWEN, ABAK. Seven characteristics of the PLC were selected for evaluation: mean time between failures, number of interfaces and plug-ins, power consumption, temperature range, number of protocols used, and response speed. The possibility of implementing the import substitution policy is considered. The assessment of the total efficiency confirmed the competitiveness of domestic PLCs in relation to foreign ones. The development of the presented evaluation method will make it possible to analyze the effectiveness of complex, large control systems made up of different types of equipment. The presented method can be used over time to obtain up-to-date information about the total efficiency.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, evaluation parameters, qualimetry, total efficiency, import substitution

Elimination of the consequences of emergencies during rescue operations will be successful with the use of reliable modular lifting equipment. The proposed concept of the mobile equipment system contributes to the use of layer-by-layer dismantling of the rubble of destroyed multi-storey buildings and structures. The main structural elements of the system of mobile lifting equipment are presented.

Keywords: earthquakes and disasters, mobile equipment, lifting device, time minimization, modular device

Models of open-loop and closed-loop systems for automatic control of air supply to a steam boiler are constructed. An open-loop system is modeled and, on its basis, a closed-loop system with a PI controller tuned to the optimum modulo is developed. The introduction of a frequency converter into the control system for more economical and gentle operation of the fan electric drive is considered. The developed system consists of models of a controller, a frequency converter, an asynchronous motor and a blower fan. The simulation results are presented, demonstrating the operability of the resulting system in compliance with the requirements for stability and speed. The modernized closed system has a number of advantages over the existing open one, and the described method of its construction can be applied when implemented at enterprises using air blowers.

Keywords: automatic pressure control system, automatic control system, closed system, open system, PI controller, modular optimum

Currently, crop production faces such problems as a decrease in soil quality, untimely detection of weeds, pests and diseases of cultivated crops, irrational use of fertilizers, pesticides, and water resources. This leads to an increase in production costs due to overspending of resources (fertilizers, pesticides, and water) and a shortage of crops due to inefficient decision-making in conditions of limited information, which causes the need for the introduction of innovative intellectual solutions in the cultivation of crops. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have significant potential for a solution to the above problem. However, to date, these technologies have not been widely used, even in countries with a high level of information and communication technology development. The purpose is to identify the factors limiting the development of the Internet of Things in crop production and to determine ways to solve the identified problems. It is shown that the limiting factor in the development of the Internet of Things in crop production is the need to install a significant number of heterogeneous sensors, the lack of Internet and mobile communications in remote areas, as well as, in some cases, the problem of organizing effective data transfer from sensors to platforms for storage, processing, and analysis, or commands in the opposite direction to actuators. In crop production, an Internet of Things technology can be realized through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as an IoT device and as communication technologies.

Keywords: Internet of Things, structure, informational management system, unmanned aerial vehicle, crop production

The article is devoted to the consideration of topical issues related to the study of the possibility of forecasting the dynamics of stock markets based on neural network models of machine learning. The prospects of applying the neural network approach to building investment forecasts are highlighted. To solve the problem of predicting the dynamics of changes in the value of securities, the problems of training a model on data presented in the form of time series are considered and an approach to the transformation of training data is considered. The method of recursive exclusion of features is described, which is used to identify the most significant parameters that affect price changes in the stock market. An experimental comparison of a number of neural networks was carried out in order to identify the most effective approach to solving the problem of forecasting market dynamics. As a separate example, the implementation of regression based on a radial-basis neural network was considered and an assessment of the quality of the model was presented.

Keywords: stock market, forecast, daily slice, shares, neural network, machine learning, activation function, radial basis function, cross-validation, time series

The article discusses the use of graph theory to calculate the location of elements and ways of laying information cables in a distributed control system. It describes how the use of graph theory can help improve system performance, reduce maintenance costs, and increase reliability and security. The article presents the general principles of using graph theory to solve problems related to the location of elements and paths for laying information cables in distributed control systems. The authors conclude that the use of graph theory is a powerful tool for solving problems associated with distributed control systems, and can be effectively applied to improve the efficiency of the system, reduce costs and increase reliability and security.

Keywords: graph theory, distributed control system, Python, Matplotlib, production process optimization, automatic analysis, control system, data cable, automation

The aim of this work is the implementation and comparison of genetic algorithms in the framework of the problem of reinforcement learning for the control of unstable systems. The unstable system will be the CartPole Open AI GYM object, which simulates the balancing of a rod hinged on a cart that moves left and right. The goal is to keep the pole in a vertical position for as long as possible. The control of this object is implemented using two learning methods: the neuroevolutionary algorithm (NEAT) and the multilayer perceptron using genetic algorithms (DEAP).

Keywords: machine learning, non-revolutionary algorithms, genetic algorithms, reinforcement learning, neural networks

The article is devoted to the automation of the steam room of the bath, the description of its functional scheme and the consideration of each element of the system in terms of their functionality and design features. The system consists of sensors that register various microclimatic parameters of the bath, actuators and a controller with a web touch panel to set the desired conditions. This solution is distinguished by providing high safety and significant benefits for human health.

Keywords: automation, steam room, microclimatic parameters of the bath, sensors, actuators, controller, safety improvement, optimization of control processes

The article discusses correlation methods of image identification. An algorithm of the "rare grid" method has been developed.

Keywords: image identification, algorithm, recognition, cutting, reference frame, element correlations, minimum search

Search engine optimization allows a website to rank higher in search engines. Through a lot of manipulations on working with the site, you can achieve good results in increasing the conversion of sites. Modern systems for all kinds of data analysis using neural networks can greatly improve the work on this optimization.

Keywords: website promotion, search engine optimization, neural networks, code optimization, convolutional neural networks

The article discusses the development of a software module for controlling electric drives as part of the ModBus industrial network, which was intended for modernize the automated control system of the production line section of the "Zarya" bakery plant. Frequency converters are used to change the speed of motors in the available control system, and the operator has to manually control each converter. The rotation speed of the motors is controlled by setting the frequency value, which is inconvenient for the operator. It is impossible to simultaneously change the operating speed of all production line equipment with this control method, which leads to mismatch in equipment operation. To solve this problem, a network is being built based on the ModBus protocol, based on available equipment. The article describes the main peculiarities of the ModBus protocol, developed method, that allows the operator to specify the required system run time instead of the frequency value for each motor, and developed software module, that implements the proposed method.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, ladder diagram, ModBus protocol, controlling without feedback, frequency converter

The current trend of complication of the modes of operation of the traction power supply system, an increase in the amount of damage from events leading to downtime of trains, the need to improve operational efficiency, actualizes the task of using monitoring systems. The features of the traction power supply system determine the requirements for the organization of monitoring parameters in real time. One of the main requirements is to ensure the autonomous operation of monitoring devices (systems) for a given period of time. Using the example of monitoring the process of ice formation on a contact network, taking into account the specifics of disturbing environmental influences, the basic principles of building a monitoring system, the structure of technical means, a multi-mode algorithm of functioning, a method for calculating the parameters of a power source are proposed.

Keywords: power supply system, contact network, monitoring, ice detection, automation

The actualization of industrial development in the Far North poses many key tasks to the construction industry. Concreting is one of such tasks, the performance of which is much more difficult during construction at low temperatures. Based on this, it is necessary to design and develop innovative tools to optimize or rationalize work on construction sites in these conditions. The scientific significance of the presented article consists in an attempt to design a software solution that allows au-tomating the calculation of the parameters of the heating wire during winter con-creting. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the presented materials as a basis for the practical implementation of this program.

Keywords: сonstruction, Far North, calculation automation, heating wire, program, algorithm, winter concreting

The modernization of the algorithm for creating a user (human-machine) interface of automated operational building management systems is proposed, which allows creating more efficient means of information output. The problems of creating modern production interfaces are analyzed. Modernization includes, in addition to the traditional way of creating the interface itself, taking into account the nature and working conditions of the people using it and other factors.

Keywords: dispatch control, automated control system, HMI, BMS, SCADA

The issues of high-quality and reliable water purification for medical needs are considered. The cleaning process is inextricably linked with the automated control of engineering systems. Water for medical purposes places high demands on the degree of filtration. In this regard, the task is formulated to ensure continuous automated monitoring and control of the cleaning process. The paper shows an algorithm for controlling the process of preliminary water purification. Based on the algorithm, a program was written in the ST language, which describes the logic of the visualization with the function of displaying and controlling the process. A fragment of the functional diagram of preliminary filtering is given. A visualization of the filter washing process is presented.

Keywords: maximum level, minimum level, backup filter, storage tank, pre-cleaning, technological equipment, visualization algorithm, functional diagram, alarm, filter washing

Digital twins of railway stations are necessary for planning work and taking the most effective management actions. An important factor is the compliance of the planned time costs with the actual ones. One of the tasks that are difficult to formalize at railway stations is the process of holding the rolling stock. This is due to the fact that the holding time depends on the human factor and the holding rolling stock. To create an automated station controlled by a digital twin, it is necessary to develop an automated holding system. One of the tasks in developing such a system is the problem of device location. This problem can be formulated as follows: it is necessary to place the minimum allowable number of holding devices in the controlled area in such a way that reliable holding is provided for any configuration of the rolling stock. As a tool for solving this problem, the most effective will be the use of methods of genetic algorithms. In this article, the authors consider the relevance of this study and the relevance of automating the holding of rolling stock.

Keywords: digital railway station, automation, brake shoes, UTS-380, DUZS, traffic safety.

The article deals with the issue of the reconstruction of the A-2 station in the context of the development of the North–South transport corridor. The relevance of the topic lies in the need to master the growing volumes of transportation from Russia to the countries of Southeast Asia and back in connection with the current reorientation of the main export cargo flow and economic ties of Russia. The analysis of the existing volumes of work of the station is carried out. To develop proposals, an analysis of the volume of work of the station was carried out, according to which there was a decline in production over the previous period. Measures are proposed for the effective development of the expected cargo flow. Statistical modeling methods, queuing systems theory and feasibility studies were used as methods. As a result, the proposals made are aimed at implementing the effective operation of the A-2 station. The reconstruction of the station makes it possible to ensure the development of increased cargo volumes and thereby receive additional income.

Keywords: relevance, transport corridor, station, goal, analysis, cargo turnover, volume of work, forecast, activities, expected effect

This paper deals with the development of automatic control system for sausage smoking chamber. Manual control of the smoking process can lead to errors and irregularity, so automation becomes a necessity. Smoking chamber control system works on two circuits - temperature and humidity. An automatic smoking chamber control system provides optimum conditions for smoking products. The paper presents the transfer functions for each circuit and the structural diagram of the control system. The coefficients used in the calculations were obtained from experiments conducted at a sausage production facility in Izhevsk. The paper analyzes the stability of the system by calculations and verification in the Matlab Simulink environment. Based on the verification, it was found out that the automatic control system of the sausage smoking chamber developed by us is working.

Keywords: smoking chamber, control object, humidity control circuit, temperature control circuit, automatic control system

Loads from ice and frost formations on the wires of the contact network worsen the quality of current carrying and contribute to the emergency situation. The article presents the analysis of methods and sets of equipment for diagnostics of ice and frost formations on the wires of the contact network. Elements of diagnostic equipment form an information system, the end point of which is the energy dispatcher's console. It is shown that the composition of the diagnostic equipment is determined by the type of contact suspension and its place of installation. The variety of methods used for diagnostics of ice on wires of the contact suspension shows the complexity of the problem to be solved.

Keywords: contact network, ice formation, loads, diagnostic methods, operation, current collector, working conditions, emergency situation, refinement of methods

The article discusses the problem of collisions with pedestrians at pedestrian crossings. An analysis of the conditions for the occurrence of accidents at pedestrian crossings was carried out, and the main factors influencing the risk of pedestrians getting into accidents were identified. One of the main reasons for such accidents is the “sudden” appearance of a pedestrian in front of the car. Other factors are also considered, such as poor lighting, dirt on the roads, insufficiently developed road infrastructure, etc. It has been established that high-quality street lighting helps reduce the number of accidents at pedestrian crossings. A formula has been proposed: “To prevent road accidents, you need to see and be seen.” The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to take measures to ensure safety at pedestrian crossings, such as installing traffic lights, improving road markings and lighting.

Keywords: collisions with pedestrians, road safety, pedestrian crossings, street lighting, road infrastructure, transport information system

The article discusses automatic selection of coefficients for PID controllers of quadcopter motors based on a 3D model. This selection became possible thanks to the method discussed in the article for exporting a 3D model of a quadcopter, created in the Solidworks CAD system, into the Matlab/Simulink environment, as well as with the further use of the SimMechanics library. To select the coefficients, a quadcopter control system is also implemented to the Simulink project, the signals from one sent to the motors in accordance with their physical location. The result of the article is a flight visualization of a 3D model of a quadcopter with a control system implemented in Simulink.

Keywords: solidworks, matlab, simulink, quadcopter, uav, pid, simmechanics

The article deals with the problem of inaccurate allocation of the boundaries of ore pieces after an explosion in a quarry in the photo. In this article, the possibility of using neural networks for segmentation of photographs was investigated, and training, testing and comparison of the pre-trained bases of neural networks were carried out. The family of pre-irradiated bases EfficientNet and SEResNet was tested on the FPN neural network. Neural networks were tested on the same number of learning epochs, and competitively on three, five, seven and ten learning epochs. Training for more than ten epochs was impractical, since almost all networks were undergoing retraining. According to the results of the test and comparison, the result was obtained that the FPN neural network on the pre-trained EfficientNetB2 bases after 7 epochs of training has a segmentation quality of 98.93% in three segmentation classes and 55.1% in the "ore pieces" class.

Keywords: segmentation, neural network, pre-trained foundation, EfficientNet, SEResNet

The article contains a detailed analysis of software systems used in information modeling technologies. The comparative characteristics of the advantages and disadvantages of the software of domestic and foreign developers are presented. Two of the most popular on the Russian market — Revit and Renga - are considered in detail. As a result of the analysis carried out taking into account the needs of the construction market, the conclusion is formulated that the use of the Renga program requires significantly less labor to master. It is also important that the cost of this software is significantly lower than that of competitive analogues. The active implementation of such systems in design organizations can significantly speed up design work and avoid mistakes at many stages of the investment and construction process. In organizations that use TIM technologies in their work, all participants will have the opportunity to act according to a single scenario with the interchangeability of employees, which significantly accelerates the receipt of the final product.

Keywords: information modeling technologies, buildings, model, architecture, design, software package, graphics, digitalization, construction object

The article discusses the development of an automated system for controlling the loading of the gali output mill and scrap of the Lebedinsky GOK processing plant JSC based on the measurement of bearing vibration signals. Gali and scrap output mills are a bottleneck of production, a decrease in their productivity threatens to lose the production of two enrichment workshops. The pur-pose of this system is to conduct the technological process of the mill in maximum load modes with no overloads. The automated ball mill control system proposed in the article will increase the mill's productivity, reduce the specific consumption of electricity, and reduce the time of emergency downtime.

Keywords: production of iron ore concentrate, processing plant, ball mill, mill overload protection, automated bearing vibration monitoring system, automated process control system

The object of the study is the method of evaluating the durability of the cutting tool, which evaluates the rationality of the periodicity of changing the cutting tool during turning on the basis of the indicator of vibration. To form a signal for the analysis the registration of vibroacoustic vibrations during the processing of parts by the device for measuring noise and vibration VShV-003-M2 takes place. To check the transfer function used in the methodology the construction of the model of dynamic system of the lathe is made. The construction of autocorrelation function and amplitude-frequency response of the dynamic system is used to estimate the durability according to the oscillation index. A series of tests to estimate tool life under recommended cutting modes are made, and the results are corrected according to the obtained results. Record of files for the analysis was made in a wave-file format. Analysis of the results made it possible to make recommendations for tool change intervals for better control of tool and labor rationing. Knowledge of the durability of cutting tools is necessary for timely replacement of cutting inserts and control of losses in production.

Keywords: vibration index, catastrophic wear, tool, cutter, tool life, condition monitoring, vibration, lathe, sensor