In this article, an analysis of the main methods for solving the linear cutting problem (LCP) with the criterion of minimizing the number of knife rearrangements is presented. The linear cutting problem in its general form represents an optimization problem that involves placing given types of material (rolls) in such a way as to minimize waste and/or maximize the use of raw materials, taking into account constraints on the number of knives, the width of the master roll, and the required orders. This article discusses a specific case of the problem with an additional condition for minimizing knives' changes and the following approaches for its solution: the exhaustive search method, which ensures finding a global optimal solution but can be extremely inefficient for problems with a large number of orders, as well as random search based on genetic and evolutionary algorithms that model natural selection processes to find good solutions. Pseudocode is provided for various methods of solving the LCP. A comparison is made in terms of algorithmic complexity, controllability of execution time, and accuracy. The random search based on genetic and evolutionary algorithms proved to be more suited for solving the LCP with the minimization of waste and knife rearrangements.

Keywords: paper production planning, linear cutting, exhaustive search, genetic algorithm, waste minimization, knife permutation minimization

Steel hoisting ropes play an important role in metallurgical equipment, ensuring reliability and efficiency of lifting operations. One of the key features of their operation is the high level of contamination typical of metallurgical operations. Metallurgical processes are often accompanied by dust, metal chips and other abrasive particles that can significantly degrade ropes, causing wear and corrosion. To maintain the efficient operation of equipment it is necessary to monitor the condition of hoisting ropes in real time, which makes the task of improving automatic systems for monitoring the condition of ropes urgent. The paper reviews the methods of optical control of defects in hoisting steel ropes, the advantages and limitations of different approaches are considered. The aim of the work is to justify the effectiveness of the authors' developed method of analyzing rope defect images using neural networks in relation to the method based on the discrete Fourier transform. It is revealed that one of the most promising in terms of technical and economic efficiency of inspection methods is the application of vision system with image processing based on convolutional neural network technology, which allows to effectively detect defects in complex and changing operating conditions, such as metallurgical and mining production, where the background of the image may be non-uniform, and the distance between the camera and the rope varies.

Keywords: lifting ropes, vision systems, optical control methods, fast Fourier transform, hidden Markov models, convolutional neural networks

Modern automated process control systems include software complexes for monitoring, dispatching, data processing, and controlling industrial equipment. The correct operation of these systems depends on the predictable and stable deployment of software components, which requires a deterministic approach to configuration management. This paper proposes a mathematical model for software configuration management in APCS, based on difference equations of discrete systems. Numerical modeling was conducted in the Octave environment, confirming the correctness of the proposed model and allowing for the analysis of the impact of control parameters on process dynamics. The obtained results can be used to optimize strategies for automated deployment of software complexes in industrial systems.

Keywords: automated control, software complexes, discrete systems, difference equations, stability, dispatching, monitoring

The article offers examples of simulated processes for creating a digital twin, a monitoring process, and a cargo transportation process. A theory is proposed for calculating a mathematical model based on Petri nets. Models for placing an order and its delivery are proposed, as well as a model of information flows using the example of developing models for the processes of transporting perishable products in a refrigerated container.

Keywords: Business process, modeling, BPMN, IDEF1, DFD, Petri nets, mathematical model, intelligent 3D model

The paper presents the results of calculating reliability indicators and analyzing the fault tolerance of the subsystem for monitoring and controlling steam pressure in the steam curtain of a tubular furnace of a diesel fuel hydrotreating technological unit. The effectiveness of reserving critical elements to improve functional safety is substantiated.

Keywords: reliability, fault tolerance, steam curtain, tubular furnace, hydrotreating, diesel fuel, redundancy, functional safety

The article discusses options for solving the problem of slowing down the operating cycle of programmable logic controllers that occurs when implementing complex algorithms. For most modern programmable logic controllers, the operating cycle directly depends on the volume of the user program. The program is executed pseudo-parallel, so the complexity of the algorithm affects the slowdown of the cycle indirectly, through an increase in the code volume. The growth of the program leads to a slowdown in the controller's response to changes in the state of the inputs. In some cases, controller developers provide programmers with options that allow them to disrupt the natural order of the operating cycle, thereby reducing the response time. The advantages and disadvantages of such methods are discussed in detail in this article. As an alternative way to reduce the controller's response time, the possibility of transferring the execution of a part of the algorithm to the operator's touch panel is considered. Modern touch panels, in addition to their main task - implementing the human-machine interface, have many additional functions, including the ability to use macros. The main functionality of macros is given and the possibility of exchanging data between the controller and the panel is demonstrated. This feature is a prerequisite for delegating some of the functions of the panel controller. The limitations and risks that arise when using this approach are discussed in detail, and situations in which it is preferable to use this method are identified.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, operator touch panel, controller operation cycle, distribution of computing resources, macros

The article provides an overview of existing technical solutions, considered from the point of view of two approaches: complete replacement of the electrolysis plant with a modern analog; replacement of only the measuring part of the system. Based on the results of a review of existing technical solutions, it was concluded that the purchase and replacement of an entire electrolysis plant or a software measuring part is economically unprofitable, and Berezovskaya GRES can implement its own SEU-20 plant management system using modern Russian-made automation software, but its own development will bring significant economic benefits. due to the lower cost compared to foreign counterparts. Для проектируемой системы управления технологическим процессом выбрано необходимое оборудование. Рассчитано время реакции системы при аварийной ситуации. Разработаны электрическая структурная и функциональная схемы автоматизации электролизной установки СЭУ-20. Разработан интерфейс АРМ оператора и произведено моделирование разработанной программы с отработкой различных ситуаций.

Keywords: electrolysis plant, import substitution, remote control, remote control, PLC programming, APM operator

The transition from scheduled maintenance and repair of equipment to maintenance based on its actual technical state requires the use of new methods of data analysis based on machine learning. Modern data collection systems such as robotic unmanned complexes allow generating large volumes of graphic data in various spectra. The increase in data volume leads to the task of automating their processing and analysis to identify defects in high-voltage equipment. This article analyzes the features of using computer vision algorithms for images of high-voltage equipment of power plants and substations in the infrared spectrum and presents a method for their analysis, which can be used to create intelligent decision support systems in the field of technical diagnostics of equipment. The proposed method uses both deterministic algorithms and machine learning. Classical computer vision algorithms are applied for preliminary data processing in order to highlight significant features, and models based on unsupervised machine learning are applied to recognize graphic images of equipment in a feature space optimized for information space. Image segmentation using a spatial clustering algorithm based on the density distribution of values ​​taking into account outliers allows detecting and grouping image fragments with statistically close distributions of line orientations. Such fragments characterize certain structural elements of the equipment. The article describes an algorithm that implements the proposed method using the example of solving the problem of detecting defects in current transformers, and presents a visualization of its intermediate steps.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

An optimization model has been developed for the minimum required number of employees carrying out transport security measures included in transport security units, taking into account the algorithm for distributing employees, including various groups according to individual functions performed at different security levels, as well as the likelihood of various threats to transport security.

Keywords: transport strategy, digitalization of transport security, cost optimization, transport security units, requirements for ensuring transport security

The paper discusses the use of the M/M/n mass service model to analyze the performance of cloud storage systems. Simulations are performed to identify the impact of system parameters on average latency, blocking probability, and throughput. The results demonstrate how optimizing the number of servers and service intensity can improve system performance and minimize latency. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the performance of cloud solutions in the context of growing data volumes and increasing load on storage systems.

Keywords: cloud storage, mass service theory, M/M/n model, Python, modeling, performance analysis

within the framework of the conducted research, the task of controlling a robot of a parallel structure was considered. This paper presents a model of a 3-RPR type flat parallel robot in the Matlab package, developed for conducting computational experiments. Implementation of two types motion trajectories have been simulated in order to determine the optimal structure of the position regulators of the drive joint used in the robot control system. Six structure of regulators were compared: three classical ones: PD, PID, PDD and three of their fractional-degree analogues: FOPD, FOPID, FOPDD. The FOMCON tool was used to model fractional-degree regulators. The best results for type 3-PPR robot were shown by a control system with a FOPID regulator, which indicates the expediency of using fractional-degree regulators to control parallel robots.

Keywords: parallel robot, inverse kinematics problem, 3-RPR robot, computational experiment, working out the trajectory of movement, control system accuracy, fractional-degree regulator, parametric optimization of the regulator, comparative modeling, FOMCON tool

The article develops calibration methods to improve accuracy and reduce operating costs of robotic systems in warehouse logistics. Special attention is given to the use of laser sensors and offset parameters, enabling the robot's position to adapt to changing conditions. The methodology includes the stages of initialization, orientation, and final verification, which help minimize deviations and reduce the need for manual adjustments. This approach ensures consistent operational accuracy and lowers operating costs through automated and adaptive robot calibration settings.

Keywords: robot calibration, warehouse automation, laser sensor, offset, positioning accuracy, robotic system, adaptive calibration, automatic calibration, collaborative robot, cobot

The article presents the results of the analysis of the architecture of robotic technologies used in warehouse logistics. The following methods of architecture optimization are identified: multifunctionality, modularity, swarm intelligence, and the implementation of several operating modes. Based on the analysis, a conceptual model of a robot for inventory of warehouse premises was created. The main advantages of the model are: the possibility of using the robot outside working hours due to the presence of an autonomous operating mode; application for inventory and for joint work with other robots (coordination of the movement of ground robots); the presence of an interchange algorithm that ensures fault tolerance and a partial solution to the problem of the limited operating time of the robot from the battery.

Keywords: robotic technologies, drones, modularity, swarm intelligence, fault tolerance, warehouse logistics

The problems of building human-machine interfaces of automated operational dispatch control systems with a high density of information flow are considered. The article is devoted to the modernization of the graphical part of control systems with the proposal of levels of graphical mnemonic circuits and their description of their advantages. In the second part, the modernization of the previously proposed algorithm for the development of an alarm subsystem is given. The advantages of the proposed approaches for the end user are derived.

Keywords: dispatch control, automated control system, HMI, BMS, SCADA, UX/UI design

The paper describes an automated security system for a mining container: a short circuit protection system for smooth start-up of equipment, temperature control and fire prevention of devices.

Keywords: mining, electrical safety, temperature maintenance, fire prevention, automated system

This article provides an overview of existing structural solutions for in-line robots designed for inspection work. The main attention is paid to the analysis of various motion mechanisms and chassis types used in such robots, as well as to the identification of their advantages and disadvantages in relation to the task of scanning a longitudinal weld. Such types of robots as tracked, wheeled, helical and those that move under the influence of pressure inside the pipe are considered. Special attention is paid to the problem of ensuring stable and accurate movement of the robot along the weld, minimizing lateral displacements and choosing the optimal positioning system. Based on the analysis, recommendations are offered for choosing the most appropriate type of motion and chassis to perform the task of constructing a 3D model of a weld using a laser triangulation sensor (hereinafter referred to as LTD).

Keywords: in-line work, inspection work, 3D scanning, welds, structural solutions, types of movement, chassis, crawler robots, wheeled robots, screw robots, longitudinal welds, laser triangulation sensor

The development, research and construction of devices that speed up the process of interaction between various modules (for example, telemetry and remote control systems), and in general, hybrid communication systems of a digital city that include a variety of systems used in an Intelligent Building is an urgent problem. One of these devices presented in the article is the optimal multi–frequency modem developed. In addition to the developed modem, the article presents examples of the development of similar types of devices and systems by both Russian and foreign researchers. At the same time, the authors proved that the use of the proposed modem provides a gain in spectral and energy efficiency in comparison with analogues. The proposed approach can be used to organize high-speed data transmission over frequency-limited communication channels based on new wired technologies of the digital subscriber line standard, as well as wireless systems.

Keywords: telemetry and remote control system, intelligent building, digital city hybrid communications system, modem, multi-frequency modulation, digital subscriber line, optimal finite signal, modulator, demodulator, wireless communication system

The article discusses the problems of wear of the feeding machine rollers associated with speed mismatch in the material tracking mode. Existing methods of dealing with wear and tear struggle with the effect of the problem not the cause. One of the ways to reduce the intensity of wear of roller barrels is to develop a method of controlling the speed of the feeding machin, which reduces the mismatch between the speeds of rollers and rolled products without violating the known technological requirements for creating pulling and braking forces. Disclosed is an algorithm for calculating speed adjustment based on metal tension which compensates for roller wear and reduces friction force. Modeling of the system with the developed algorithm showed the elimination of speed mismatch during material tracking and therefore it will reduce the intensity of roller wear.

Keywords: speed correction system, feeding machine, roller wear, metal tension, control system, speed mismatch, friction force reduction

The paper proposes and specifies the engineering mathematical model of the drive using a block of ferrofluid couplings and, within the framework of preliminary design, studies its dynamic properties, in the course of which transient characteristics are obtained, allowing to assess the qualitative performance of such a drive and to outline measures for their improvement.

Keywords: uninterruptible power supply system, automatic regulation, relay voltage regulator, relay system modeling.

At present, continuous tank reactor is widely used in many different industries, and there are many control methods for this reactor. This paper presents a design method for model predictive controller (MPC) based on fuzzy model. The control object is modeled by fuzzy model (Takagi-Sugeno), the optimization problem is solved by genetic algorithm. Using fuzzy models and genetic algorithms to implement MPC controller, it achieved better quality than traditional MPC controllers.

Keywords: method of designing a model predictive controller, fuzzy model, Takagi Sugeno, genetic algorithms, multiple inputs-multiple outputs

A laboratory circuit of the installation with a heat exchanger-supercharger in the hot water circuit of the boiler has been developed. The conducted studies have shown that the temperature of hot water at the outlet changes depending on the oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic valve at a given flow rate, and the highest efficiency of water heating is observed at a frequency of 1.75 Hz. Calculation of the heat transfer coefficient showed that at a steady-state flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger-supercharger is 180 W / (m ^ 2 ° C). Then, with increasing frequency, the heat transfer coefficient smoothly decreases and reaches a minimum of 173 W / (m ^ 2 ° C) at 1.0 Hz. With a further increase in frequency, the heat transfer coefficient begins to increase and reaches a maximum of 188 W / (m ^ 2 ° C) at 1.75 Hz. As a result of the experiment, it was also found that with increasing frequency, the flow rate in the hot water circuit increases and reaches a maximum at a frequency of 1.75 Hz Q = 0.6 l / sec. That is, at such a frequency, the heat exchanger-supercharger, due to the oscillations of the liquid flow in the first circuit (cold water circuit), most effectively transmits the oscillations of the flow to the second circuit (hot water circuit), which can be used to reduce the power of the pump in the hot water circuit at this frequency.

Keywords: heat exchanger-supercharger, heat transfer coefficient, electromagnetic valve, water hammer

The problem of determining the area of defects in the surface layer of bearing parts according to eddy current non-destructive testing is considered. Methods of processing eddy current control data are given. The possibility of using a robust median polishing method to increase the information content of eddy current data is substantiated. It is proposed to use a sliding window, a standard deviation calculation, and a production rule formed by the Shannon information entropy criterion as tools for localizing defect patterns in the eddy current image of the control object. The results of the application of the developed localization algorithm based on eddy current control data of bearing parts obtained in real production conditions are presented.

Keywords: eddy current control, localization, defect, data analysis, recognition, surface layer, intelligent technologies, Shannon entropy, median polishing, classification problem

The article presents an analysis of the Modbus protocol, including its architecture, message types, implementation features and its own programming language. A production process control system based on Modbus is considered.

Keywords: Modbus, programmable logic controller, communication protocol, programming, industrial automation, process control, monitoring, registers, system integration

The article considers the method for parametric identification of a model of steady-state modes of a technological process. The method essence is to use artificial neural networks. The input of each neural network is measured values of input and output process variables, and the output is a corresponding parameter value of the technological process model. The effectiveness of the method was assessed by conducting computational experiments on regression models with two factors and models of steady-state modes of technological processes in existing industries. The average relative error of the models does not exceed 0,43%. The method for parametric identification is applicable in adaptive control of steady-state modes of the technological process. One of advantages of the method is that with a specified form of mathematical description, training a neural network does not require statistical experimental values of process variables.

Keywords: the method for parametric identification, an artificial neural network, the model of steady-state modes of the technological process, adaptive control

The article discusses various methods for solving the problem of lack of inputs and outputs of programmable logic controllers during construction of automated control systems. The control signals that the controller operates can be divided into two categories: the first one is responsible for direct control of the equipment system and the second one organizes the human-machine interface (HMI). The methods described in the article allow to significantly reduce the load of HMI on controller or delegate them to the operator's touch panel completely. An example of interaction between the controller and the operator panel via the MODBUS protocol is given. The pros and cons of the described methods, as well as the conditions under which they are preferable, are listed.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, programmable relay, operator touch panel, human-machine interface, control signal