The paper describes the features of construction and monitoring in cultural and historical heritage areas using the example of the railway bypass of the Inkerman St. Kliment Monastery. The analysis of the current regulatory documents regulating activities in this area is carried out. The stages of geomonitoring are described. The geodetic component of monitoring is considered, taking into account the requirements established by the current legislation.

Keywords: geomonitoring, construction, cultural heritage site, leveling, railway track, deformation grade, precipitation and deformations

For the design, construction and monitoring of railway infrastructure facilities, as well as for the maintenance of track facilities, it is necessary to have a spatial database relevant at the time of their production, which should be provided with a continuous survey of infrastructure facilities located in the right-of-way. The article considers the possibilities of introducing geoinformation technologies, including high-precision methods of coordinate-time support, mobile laser scanning, into the production processes of design, construction, operation, repair and diagnostics of railway infrastructure. The existing problems of the widespread introduction of mobile laser scanning technology in relation to the shooting of railway objects are shown.

Keywords: geoinformation technologies, high-precision coordinate system of JSC "Russian Railways", mobile laser scanning, geodetic support

The analysis of accuracy in obtaining geospace information while monitoring railway infrastructure objects by different methods such as geodesic, photogrammetric and remote sensing is carried out in the article. Tachymeter and global navigation satellite systems are used as geodesic methods. Aerial photography by means of unmanned aerial vehicles are referred to photogrammetric methods. Remote sensing was carried out on the basis of 3 D laser scanning technologies. The accuracy of performed measurements is considered for the scale 1:500.

Keywords: global navigation satellite systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, geospace information, accuracy of measurements, 3 D laser scanning, tachymeter

Is obtained formula for determining the angles of complete refraction with the large zenith distances. Is executed the study of the accuracy of the determination of the angles of complete refraction from the obtained formula for zenith distances of 890 and 900 for the conditions of the standard atmosphere ГОСТ 4401-81.

Keywords: Geodesy, Refraction, Atmosphere

A study of the accuracy of the determination of corrections into the distances, measured by radio-electronic systems, is executed for moist component of refractive index. The original formulas of the determination of corrections for moist component into the inclined distances are obtained.

Keywords: Atmosphere, Refractive index, Moist constituting, Correction into the distance

The solution of the vital problem of transformation of coordinates of one system into another is proposed. The formulas of the connection of rectangular and geodetic coordinates, different three-dimensional rectangular coordinates and systems of plane coordinates are given.

Keywords: Geodesy, Coordinates, Transformation of coordinates

In the article the assessment of influence of a lateral refraction on angular measurements in traverse network is made. The conclusion is drawn on possibility of significant distortions of angular measurements in these networks because of refraction. Recommendations about reduction of influence of a lateral refraction on angular measurements in traverse network are made

Keywords: Refraction, Influence, Measurements, Traverse, Network, Distortions