A comparison of different methods of segmentation of digital images of sputum stained by the method of Ziehl-Nielsen. We considered the following methods: threshold binarization, method binarization Otsu, detectors borders (operators Roberts, Sobel, Prewitt, Robinson and Kenny), detectors of Harris corners and FAST (Features from Accelerated Segment Test) algorithm, artificial neural network and wavelet transform Mexican Hat, as well as the search function of the contours of the OpenCV library. To analyze the quality of the image segmentation and time spent for carrying out segmentation. Concluded that the use of the wavelet transform Mexican Hat has the best quality segmentation with a relatively small time spent.

Keywords: the method of Ziehl-Nielsen, segmentation, digital imaging, detector angles, FAST, operator Kenny, the Sobel operator, Roberts operator, the operator Prewitt, operator Robinson, artificial neural networks, OpenCV

The characteristic of developed operational expenses assessment system at railway enterprises has been presented. The analysis of legal entity economic state has been conducted. The results of the research have practical significance for the most important development fields on every management level of the railway industry. Institution analytical operational expenses assessment system is a combination of various economic processes which are fixed, transmitted, stored and used for implementing operational expenses management. The main information features have been revealed: to reflect operational expenses state through the system of different indexes, store quantitative estimation and present the results in discrete view.

Keywords: railway enterprises, legal entity, economic department, operational expenses, accounting, decision making, assessment results, estimation

The article is devoted of freight traffic in the regional companies is considered by the example of Ugtehmontazh. Deficiencies have been identified and a set of measures has been proposed that allows to optimize the process of freight traffic. Including the model of the process of cargo transportation by the example of Ugtehmontazh is developed. The introduction of the electronic system of applications allows you to reduce costs, increase the carrying capacity.

Keywords: freight transport, rolling stock, carrying capacity, logistics management, operations management process, transportation process model, lot size, loaded return, idling, transport process

We consider the problem of mobile mode changes the operation of a digital device implemented on the FPGA. To solve this problem, the structure of hardware and software, providing increased performance and noise immunity.

Keywords: programmable logic integrated circuits, computer, microcontroller, shift register, digital device

The article suggests a technique for automatic segmentation of satellite images on the basis of convolutional neural networks into several classes, such as buildings, rivers, roads, etc. The software implementation of the proposed methodology took the second place in the competition for the segmentation of satellite imagery on the Kaggle platoform in competition: Dstl Satellite Imagery Feature Detection. The article describes how to prepare images for the training of neural network and reveal details for full dataflow and the principles of the traning. The structure of the neural network for segmentation is proposed. The network is built on the basis of UNET with additional BatchNormalization and Dropout layers, based on double convolution blocks. A procedure for cross-evaluation is described to assess the accuracy of the models obtained. The descriptions of algorithms for postprocessing and the technique of segmentation refinement are presented by using an ensemble of several models. A specialized model is proposed for finding objects of small size, such as "cars" and "motorcycles". An overview of other methods used to solve this problem is also given, which were not included in the final solution. In the experimental results it is shown that the efficiency of neural networks in this task is extremely high and it is possible to automatically prepare a layout of the terrain similar to the markup made by human. And thereby it allows to save money, since significant financial resources are being spent on manual marking.

Keywords: convolutional neural nets, sattelite imagery, image segmentation, machine learning, crossvalidation, Jaccard coefficient, UNET network, image classification, computer vision, contest results

the problem of subscriber set state estimation is devoted. The amount of geodata that are provided by subscriber sets leads to difficulties in their processing, transformation and analysis. A new conceptual model of the report on the dynamics of the status of the subscriber set is proposed, which is a part of the geoinformation monitoring complex “Spolokh”. The central link of the conceptual model is the geodata received from subscriber sets. The conceptual model is represented by IDEF0-diagrams, detailed to the first level. The substantiation of a choice of modeling system for diagrams construction is given.

Keywords: conceptual model, report, subscriber set, the report states dynamics model, IDEF0-diagram

This work is devoted to the automatic generation of verification sets of test procedures; the proposed and developed algorithm for selecting trial solutions for solving the problems of satisfiability of Boolean formulas.

Keywords: test sets, automatic generation, solver, Boolean constraints

The article presents the analysis of the grain market in the Russian Federation. Data are given on grain yield of crops for crop years 2016 and 2017. Considered the technology of grain terminals in Novorossiysk sea commercial port. The scheme of the grain. The analysis of the importation of grain cargoes by railway and motor transport.

Keywords: Grains cargoes, analysis of the market of grain exports, the port, grain terminals, rail transport, road transport

The article deals with the estimation of production risk and risk of occupational diseases on the basis of an assessment of the impact on the working factors of the labor process. Analysis of the working conditions according to special evaluation of working conditions. Definition of factors of production environment, harmful to the health of workers and comparative analysis of the working conditions for harmful production factors.

Keywords: occupational risk, harmful and hazardous production factors, identification, conditions of work

In the article the analysis of KPI of industrial enterprises, considers the various factors limiting the production growth and the development of guidelines for improving production efficiency. Most economists believe that increasing production efficiency, competitiveness of products and services can be achieved on the basis of systematic analysis of economic activities of the enterprise. The analysis of activities provides an opportunity to develop the necessary strategy and tactics of development of the enterprise, which form the basis for the production programme, revealed reserves of increase of production efficiency.

Keywords: economy, industry, improvement, efficiency, factors, Finance, sustainability, management

The article describes the use of tubular elastic elements in agricultural machinery. Failure to comply with agronomic requirements when conducting the pre-sowing tillage and sowing may lead to a significant reduction in yield. One of the important requirements is the observance of depth of soil and depth of seeding. The use of tubular elastic elements in agricultural machines, together with systems for tracking relief and density of the soil, allows to observe the depth of soil treatment and depth of sowing on soils with different physical-mechanical properties in automatic mode. Furthermore, the use of tubular elements allows to increase the efficiency of self-cleaning of the working body from weeds, reduced the tractive resistance of the working body.

Keywords: tubular elastic element, flexible elastic element, tubular spring, holder cultivator,the suspension of the opener

The Bolshoy Tambukan Lake bowl is located in an area of extremely favorable hydrological and hydrogeological conditions. This location contributes to natural permanent feeding of water through the atmospheric channel directly to the lake surface and through surface and underground runoff. The absence of a significant increase of the amount of precipitation based on an analysis of their trend in the period from 1911 to 2000 at the weather station "Pyatigorsk" is shown for the first time. An analysis of the results obtained for more than 30 years of observation at the Tambukan weather station indicates a slight increase in atmospheric precipitation, while the level of water in the lake was rised dangerously. One of the main reasons why increase in the water level in the lake happened is unreasonable anthropogenic impact. The lake area afforestation, creation of artificial dams, shafts and ditches in some areas on the shore of the lake lead to accumulation of large volumes of water due to rainfall which then is discharged into the lake through surface and ground runoff.

Keywords: sulphide therapeutic mud, Bolshoy Tambukan, atmospheric precipitation, groundwater level, surface runoff, ground runoff

This paper researches a linear system with symmetric matrix A, positive semidefinite, and positive. Using Lyapunov Equation, determine if a system is stable. The obtained theoretical data are illustrated by example.  Also considered the uniform distribution of the 5 agents in the plane. In the equation there are external disturbances. Constructed Lyapunov function.

Keywords: positive matrix, linear systems, stability, Lyapunov Equation, attractive parallelepiped

This article discusses image transfer in JPEG2000 format using JPWL antinoise coding via noisy channel with occurrence of packet errors. The main problem is recovery of received image with minimum deviations from input original. The aim of this work is to study experimentally the capability of JPWL protection to maintain quality of received and decoded image depending on the level of packet loss in data transmission channel. The experimental procedure consists of simulation of multiple transfer of JPWL protected image with the size of 1024×768 pixels and packet loss with the coded image data. Variable parameters of the study are: JPEG2000 coding procedure (irreversible conversion), Reed–Solomon codes used for JPWL protection, per cent of packet loss. Regular variant of JPWL protection is considered as well as combination of regular variant with algorithm of in-frame interleaving. The final experimental results are PSNR similarity extent of received and decoded image and input image, average per cent of completely recovered tiles with respect to tile number in code stream. The article describes the software complex developed for these studies, which includes JPEG2000 coder and decoder, JPWL coder and decoder, means of code stream dividing into RTP packets, simulating means of packet loss, assembling of frames from RTP packets. Operation flowcharts of JPEG2000 coder and decoder are described. It is mentioned that under conditions of packet errors JPEG2000 decoder should be able to process partially damaged or absent tiles. In-frame interleaving of code stream is described aimed at improvement of its stability with regard to packet errors. Three hypotheses are formulated. Hypothesis 1: in the case of packet loss the regular JPWL extension is unable to maintain quality of received and decoded image. Hypothesis 2: in the case of packet loss the regular JPWL extension in combination with algorithm of in-frame interleaving maintains the quality of received and decoded image. Hypothesis 3: in the case of packet loss and with application of algorithm of in-frame interleaving the PSNR value of received and decoded image depends statistically on the number of tiles completely recovered by JPWL decoder. As a result of the experimental study, all the hypotheses were fully confirmed.

Keywords: JPEG 2000, JPWL, packet errors, noise-immune encoding, decoded image quality

Examples of bearings with hydrodynamic wedge are mapped to specific features of the incompressible lubrication (drip liquid) and compressible (gas). Due to the physical nature of the processes occurring in the gas lubricating layer. The main advantages of axial and radial gas dynamic bearing with spiral mikrokanale, which was the most widely and effective used not only as bearings, but also as the best contactless seal.

Keywords: lubrication layer, hydrodynamic wedge, pressure, load capacity, helical grooves, optimal parameters

The project for creation of the first in Russia Engineering Forum of scientific and technological activities, social and technological entrepreneurship “Rozmysly” is presented, this forum develops the principles of an open public interdisciplinary electronic environment. The substantiation of the social significance of the project is given. The new project implies involving an even wider range of practitioners, research engineers, young scientists, applicants, graduate students, students and even senior pupils in scientific engineering knowledge by providing them with the opportunity to publish, read and discuss the results of promising research and development works, engineering solutions, inventions and rationalization or innovative proposals in the form of an electronic preprint. Conceptually, the project represents a new culture of scientific publications based on global and mini Internet platforms. It is shown that the basic advantage is achieved through the implementation of an open access initiative. From the date of publication, the material is available for the widest possible range of readers. The project is a kind of an interdisciplinary scientific and technological engineering forum.

Keywords: site, Internet platform, engineering forum and storage, open access, preprint, foresight

In the article, the method of designing the path planning on the basis of an unstable mode is described. This method is based on the bionic approach and does not require mapping, it reduces requirements for the sensor subsystem. In this article, we propose a method of obstacle avoidance in which an unstable mode is realized in a separate dynamic link. The output of the dynamic link corrects the desired course of unmanned surface vehicle (USV). This allows to set the unstable trajectory of motion only at the planning level, and at the regulatory level to function in a stable mode. In addition, this approach allows you to plan the direction of detour travel. Detailed description of the proposed path planner, as well as the results of the research in Matlab are provided in the article.

Keywords: Control system, unstable mode, path planner, unmanned boat, obstacle avoidance

The article deals with the movement of erythrocytes along the narrow capillaries with a diameter smaller than the erythrocyte diameter. Red blood cell in narrow capillary has tank-treading motion. The erythrocyte rotation frequency reaches several dozen revolutions per second. Electric charges located on the surface of the erythrocyte, move together with the erythrocyte membrane and create a magnetic field in the surrounding space. A two-dimensional model of erythrocyte movement along narrow capillaries was constructed. If the erythrocyte surface area and erythrocyte charge are known, then the density of charges on the erythrocyte membrane can be determined. The magnetic field strength of a moving charged particle can be determined if the particle charge, the particle velocity, the distance from the particle to the point at which the magnetic field strength is determined, the angle between the direction of the particle velocity and the direct connecting particle, and the point at which the tension is determined are known. The total strength of the magnetic field of several moving charged particles is defined as the vector sum of the magnetic field strengths of the individual moving charged particles. In the two-dimensional model it is assumed that the red blood cells are rectangles that move along the capillary, and the erythrocyte membrane is the sides of the rectangle. Discrete charges are located on the sides of the rectangle and move either clockwise or counterclockwise. It is possible two variants. Their membranes either rotate in the same direction or in opposite directions. Calculations were carried out for both variants and at different rates of rotation of erythrocyte membranes (from 0 to 50 revolutions per second) and distances between red blood cells. It is shown that at distances between erythrocytes smaller than the two capillary diameters, the influence of neighboring red blood cells can be neglected (the difference is less than 3%).

Keywords: "mathematical model, magnetic field, erythrocytes, narrow capillaries, magnetic field strength "

In the article application of the generalized algorithm of processing of the weakly formalized information to a problem of increase of productivity of work of programmers is considered. employees who spend a lot of time on the Internet. It is assumed that the employee of the company works on the Internet during the working day and works with various sites. Sites can, how to treat the work, and not have any relation to the company's activities. It is required to estimate the amount of time an employee spends on websites related to the work of the company and on other sites. The difficulty lies in the fact that there are not enough objective criteria for assessing sites, i.e. this information is weakly formalized. Therefore, it is proposed to apply a generalized algorithm for processing such information. The algorithm contains 14 steps. At the first step, information about the employee's exit into the Internet and connection to various sites is sent to the "Information Collection" module. In the second step, the information enters the "Information Recognition" module. In the third step, the information enters the "Information Classification" module, which refers to one of the types of sites. At the fourth step, in the modules "Convolution of information", information is processed according to a certain algorithm. Next, we evaluate the reliability of the information (step 5), assess the security of information (step 6), establish the links between the newly received information in each of the classes and the information obtained previously (step 7), estimate the probability with which you can trust the information received (step 8). At step 9, decision support is made in each of the classes, and in step 10, generalized support for decision-making. At step 11, a comparison of the recently adopted decision with previously adopted decisions is made, and at step 12 - the development of a stable reaction to the repeatedly received information and its memorization. At step 13, solutions are generated, and at the 14th stage, new information is generated and stored in the vault. Identifies the stereotype of the employee's behavior, i.e. how much time he spends on different types of sites, how reliable it is, how stable is his behavior, whether there is dependence on any kinds of sites, etc.

Keywords: weakly formalized information, information processing, algorithm, labor productivity, control

In this article, we briefly reviewed the problem of image quality loss. Methods for restoring defocused images are considered and analyzed. Describes lubrication functions and ways of defocusing the image, as well as a mechanism for eliminating the three main types of image blurring. A number of experiments were conducted on the defocused images. An algorithm for deconvolving an image using a Wiener filter and using the Tikhonov regularization method is disassembled. The analysis of the efficiency of the Wiener filter and Tikhonov regularization for blurred images is performed. The comparative analysis was carried out using the developed software for the restoration of defocused images in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 environment. For the Fourier transform, the library was used - aForge. A certain dependence of the execution time of the algorithm on the size of the image to be reconstructed. It is established that on the tested problems - the time complexity of the Wiener filter is 1.1 times less than the time complexity of Tikhonov regularization.

Keywords: Wiener filter, Wiener deconvolution, Tikhonov regularization, image reconstruction, blurred images, motion blur, Gaussian blur

Today, the problem of introducing new technologies for the transport of goods is urgent for the transport system of our country. The main example of effective intermodal transport cooperation is piggyback transportation, i.e. Combined rail and road transport of trailers, semi-trailers, trailers or demountable bodies on a railway platform. This technology is widely used in Europe, however, there has not been a mass introduction of such kinoes of shipment in Russia by the present day, despite numerous Russian Railways attempts to launch a piggyback message on various routes. To improve the quality of transport services for cargo owners by rail transport in Russia, it is advisable to study the experience of Western countries in the development of progressive types of cargo transportation in order to find a solution to the problems encountered in the introduction of piggyback traffic on the Russian Railways site.

Keywords: transport system, intermodal transport, piggyback, piggyback, transport infrastructure, transportation technology, logistics terminals

The problems of young families are analyzed. The relevance of the study of the social welfare of modern young families is shown. A cognitive model of achievement and stabilization of the social welfare of a young family was constructed on the basis of the results of the study ""The Life of a Young Family in the Rostov Region"", 2017. It is shown that the basic model of achieving social well-being is a two-loop scheme with positive feedback. Each of the contours of which corresponds to the basic characteristics: socio-cultural and economic well-being. The principal problem of the factor of satisfaction of needs is revealed. The necessity of creating a full-fledged monitoring system of the socio-economic level of a young family included in the social policy framework of the state is shown.

Keywords: young family, social welfare, system characteristic, cognitive modeling, model, two-circuit scheme, feedback

in the article the questions of modeling of thermal effects in vortex tubes with application software, for example, CFD-complex is Studied. Discusses the practical applications of thermal effect in vortex tubes, is proposed using the process of refrigeration in vortex tubes for climate control in vegetable stores with the aim of improving the safety of the products. This article is of interest to a wide circle of readers, dealing with issues of simulation software packages.

Keywords: heat effect, cooling, heating, microclimate, modeling, CAD software program, 3D model. CFD-complex is Studied, FlowVision

The article analyzes the existing system of food quality proposed guidelines for improving the quality of the input raw materials on the basis of the made analysis the main factors affecting the quality of the products developed draft standard for incoming inspection of raw materials for food products

Keywords: quality, incoming inspection, holding, chart, histogram

Using a device of close homogeneous exponential queueing networks (QN) a mathematical model of an distributed information system functiouning for solving the problem of getting integral indexis on the basis of local computing network on the basis of three- level client server arhitecture. The base correlation for transitione matrix probabilities constraction and intensitiese of service at the network nodes are given.The peculiarity of the model being worked out is in making a selective choice of information at the database servers and via the channel of communication not the full data base is transmitted but some separate parts of it, which satisfy the conditions of SQL-request search.

Keywords: Distributed information system, distributed data base, local computing system, mass service network, conceptual model, exponential law of distributing the random value, stationary probability, mark process, the global balance equation, system reaction tim