The article considers the possibility of measuring the temperature of cable transmission lines with the help of specially manufactured narrowed quartz optical fiber. The technology of manufacturing of narrowed optical fiber on a specially designed device is considered. The device of laboratory installation for revealing the expansion of optical fiber under the influence of temperature is considered. The influence of temperature on the laser beam deflection in the created quartz single-mode fiber is investigated.

Keywords: optical fiber, fiber optic sensor, temperature measurement, cable power lines

In the article, the authors propose an approach that allows assessing the relevance of using indicators of compromise for a particular industry. The current problems associated with the redundancy of indicators of compromise and the low level of trust in their sources are highlighted. An approach is proposed that allows quantifying the relationship between indicators and the source, as well as scoring sources.

Keywords: compromise indicator, feed of the compromise indicator, rating of feeds

The article provides an analysis of the state of the rationing issue in terms of performing the calculation justification and design of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures using external reinforcement systems based on carbon fibers. The normative documents of the Russian Federation and foreign ones are considered, the analysis of the use of external reinforcement based on composite materials for structures of various types of work is carried out, the disadvantages of existing calculation and design methods are highlighted. In conclusion, recommendations are given on the appropriate improvement of calculation and design methods.

Keywords: external reinforcement, carbon fiber, reinforcement, restoration

The article presents the results of the laboratory test and finite element modeling of the facade basket design for the outdoor unit of the split system. A comparative analysis of the obtained data is performed. During the modeling, the main possible design situations were taken into account and the perilous zones were determined, in which destruction is expected. To confirm the obtained design values, a full-scale test was carried out, in which wind pressure was modeled using two horizontally applied loads. Based on the test results, it was determined that the modeling method used corresponds to reality, and the nature of destruction and maximum permissible loads were also established. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the suitability of using the facade basket design option considered in the article for the specified operating conditions.

Keywords: finite element model, testing, load-bearing capacity, reliability, deformability, air conditioner basket, bracket, destruction

The architecture of multifunctional residential complexes (MFRC) is considered in the aspect of “resistance” to external factors and influences. There are four levels of formation of the MFRK: the level of urban planning structure; level of volumetric-spatial organization; level of functional and architectural planning structure; the level of compositional organization and search for the expressive appearance of the MFRK. At each of the identified levels, the “target” indicators of “sustainable architecture” are achieved. The process of forming the MFRC is considered as a sequence of combinatorial search stages and procedures based on modeling the geometric parameters of the visual model of the MFRC in order to get as close as possible to the “stability indicator”. Four methods of combinatorial search modeling are proposed: the method of “overlaying” planning frames; method of “tracing” the formative contour; method of “collaging” functional planning elements; a method of combining “regular grids” in the public, business and residential parts of the MFRK. To intensify combinatorial search procedures, it is proposed to use digital design technologies.

Keywords: university complex, transit urban spaces, scenario approach, functional-thematic zones, architectural and environmental modules

The paper presents the results of the survey of consoles of precast reinforced concrete columns of an industrial building under construction. The consequences arising from errors during the manufacture of columns, as well as the method of calculating the console are described. The survey was carried out in order to detect the position of the reinforcement in the consoles of reinforced concrete columns. When performing a survey of the technical condition, the following tasks were set: to determine the actual condition of the supporting structures, their mating nodes at the time of the survey, to establish the actual reinforcement of the structures, to give recommendations for the restoration (strengthening) of the bearing capacity of the column consoles.

Keywords: inspection, load-bearing capacity, concrete, column, reinforcement, strengthening

The paper presents the results of the survey of the reinforced concrete monolithic foundation of a ball mill with central unloading. The consequences of errors made during the construction of the foundation of machines with dynamic loads, as well as the foundation monitoring methodology, are described. The survey was carried out due to an increase in the vibration level of the equipment installed on the foundation and the detection of foundation defects in the form of cracks and chips in concrete. When performing the technical condition survey, the following tasks were set: to determine the actual condition of the supporting structure at the time of the survey, to establish the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of the structure, to indicate the characteristics and dimensions of damage sufficient to determine the volume of repair and restoration work, to develop recommendations for further safe operation of the structure.

Keywords: inspection, bearing capacity, foundation, dynamic load, concrete, reinforcement, strengthening

Modernization of university campuses in the context of the development of domestic higher education and science to increase the technological sovereignty of the country is one of the pressing problems of modern domestic architecture. The article examines the main factors that determine the need to modernize existing university campuses and influence its capabilities and tools. Based on the analysis of these factors, the main modern requirements for campus modernization are formulated.

Keywords: modernization, university campus, modernization factors, modernization requirements

The article analyzes the idea of architectural reserves proposed by Pskov architect and restorer Yu.P. Spegalsky in the middle of the XX century. The Pskov restorer proposed to allocate separate sections of the city center with ancient monuments on their territory as the basis for its development as an open-air museum. The plan was not implemented, but later this theory was used as the basis for successfully implemented modern restoration and architectural projects aimed at developing the urban environment of Pskov. The options for continuing the development of the idea in the near future are considered on the example of a complex formed by ancient defensive structures and a monument of constructivist architecture.

Keywords: Y.P. Spegalsky, architecture of ancient Pskov, creativity of A.A. Olya, restoration in Pskov, Mstislavskaya Tower.

The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of galvanic sludge on the basic performance properties of special-purpose ceramics. The basis of the composition of the charge is low-plastic clay, and the functional additives in its composition are boric acid and cerium oxide. Ceramics are produced by semi-dry pressing at a pressure of 15 MPa and a maximum firing temperature of 1050 ° C. It has been established that galvanic sludge decomposes into calcium and heavy metal oxides, carbon dioxide and water vapor during firing. The oxides formed during liquid-phase sintering are part of the vitreous phase, functionally modifying its characteristics. When the content of galvanic sludge in the charge is more than 5 wt. % a developed porous structure is formed in the material, which reduces its main operational characteristics. It was revealed that liquid-phase sintering provides safe immobilization of heavy metals if the content of galvanic sludge in the charge does not exceed 6 wt. %. Practical application of the charge composition, including galvanic sludge in an amount up to 5 wt. %, will increase the resistance of ceramics to high temperatures, temperature changes, acids and alkalis. The use of galvanic sludge in this area will contribute to solving the environmental problem of its processing.

Keywords: ceramics, heat resistance, chemical resistance, liquid phase sintering, galvanic sludge, low-plastic clay, cerium oxide, boric acid

The purpose of this study is to develop a survey methodology that allows you to determine the composition of the common property of an apartment building, which is used in the operation of non-residential premises. In the process of theoretical research, analysis methods and results of field observations were used. The results of this study are the classification of non-residential premises that are not part of the common property of an apartment building, a list of elements of an apartment building to be examined to assess their use in the operation of non-residential premises, recommendations to a specialist on the list of documents necessary for this survey. These results are of practical importance for specialists in the field of inspection of buildings and structures when resolving disputes in the practice of operating apartment buildings and non-residential premises that are not part of the common property of a residential building.

Keywords: non-residential premises, classification of non-residential premises, survey methodology, apartment building, common property, list of common property elements, composition of common property, operation, housing stock

The article analyzes the Russian experience of renovation of port facilities. The purpose of the study is to identify best practices and directions for the development of PC facilities during their transformation. The experience of the cities of St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen and Kazan is being studied. The best Russian practices in the following aspects of PC renovation are summarized: a) architectural and artistic, b) urban planning; c) functional and spatial. The resulting number of promising approaches and trends creates a methodological basis for the integration of these facilities into the structure of the city.

Keywords: port complex, renovation, transformation, water area, interaction, water facade

Phosphogypsum is a large-scale solid waste from the production of phosphoric acid by the extraction method. The volume of accumulated waste in the world amounts to hundreds of millions of tons, and their disposal is becoming increasingly important. The article provides a brief overview of recent research on the use of phosphogypsum as a component of building materials. A list of the main factors of the negative impact of phosphogypsum waste on the environment is given, as well as the main impurities in its composition that reduce the quality of the resulting materials and methods for eliminating these impurities. It is shown that of the many products that can be obtained using phosphogypsum, the most widespread are construction and road materials, in which it is proposed to be used as a replacement for natural gypsum and sand.

Keywords: phosphogypsum, environment, building materials, road coverings, modifying additives

The use of a solid analog and the involvement of an appropriate theory of stability made it possible to perform mathematical modeling and determine the parameters of the critical state of cylindrical mesh shells depending on the geometric characteristics and the number of half-waves of the shape of the loss of stability. The values of the critical load of cylindrical mesh shells are determined taking into account geometric and force factors. According to the results of calculations, the patterns of changes in the number of half-waves of the form of loss of stability and obtaining the minimum value of the critical load under the condition of maximum approximation of flexural and membrane stiffness are revealed and analyzed. A numerical example is shown in which the values of critical load and stiffness are determined, taking into account possible forms of loss of stability. The patterns of changes in these indicators for a given number of half-waves are established and analyzed.

Keywords: cylindrical mesh shells, mathematical modeling, critical load, stability, stiffness, number of half-waves

This study will examine the historical formation of the architecture of places of detention. The author gives space to the volumetric and planning transformation of prisons, examines the history of their emergence in stages and reveals the connection of these changes with the changes in the state and society as a whole. The study deals with the issues of restraint of freedom from inside and outside the penitentiary institutions, and partially touches upon the connection between fortification and penitentiary institutions in the sense of the continuity of the urban, architectural and landscape planning techniques of defence used. The study also presents examples of modern layouts; the types of layouts and the architectural means and techniques used in them to create a safe and comfortable environment are summarised in a table as material for analysis. In addition, as the results of the study, the main issues and directions of further development of prison architecture are indicated, and the author proposes models of optimal architectural and planning organisation in terms of security, surveillance and access control.

Keywords: security, prisons, penitentiary architecture, architecture, detention centres, design

Expert work has been carried out to establish quality indicators for three types of concrete paving slabs: "Auriko", "Paving stone", "New City". The tests were carried out on selected samples in accordance with GOST 17608-2017. According to the test results, it was determined that only the samples of "Paving stones" tiles meet the requirements of GOST, other types of tiles revealed non-compliance of the studied samples with GOST 17608 in terms of water absorption and frost resistance.Frost resistance tests for Aurico and Novy Gorod product samples were interrupted after 15 freeze-thaw cycles due to the destruction of the samples.

Keywords: paving slabs, concrete, compressive strength, frost resistance, surface defect "sink"

In the construction sector, the reform of design and survey work allows us to take a fresh look at the state of engineering and geological research. The use of software systems provides an opportunity to automate this process during construction, reconstruction of buildings and structures in order to avoid the formation of landslide processes and reduce man-made risks. Limit equilibrium methods are used to determine the stability of a slope or an underground structure. Therefore, the purpose of the study in the article was to conduct engineering and geological surveys using various methods and then calculate the stability of landslide slopes. The sliding surfaces with the lowest coefficients of stability margin were selected by the optimization method for the calculated slopes.

Keywords: integration, reformation, method, construction, soil, landslide slope, man-made risk, surveys, automation

The paper discusses the use of carbon fiber composite materials for reinforcement of specimens made of pipe sections in tension under the action of internal pressure. Experimental investigations of steel pipes under the action of internal pressure both without reinforcement and with different number of reinforcement layers with carbon tape are described. The main interest is in the joint operation of the pipe wall and external reinforcement elements. Significant influence of external reinforcement on stiffness and deformability of the specimens is noted.

Keywords: high-strength fiber, carbon fiber, carbon tape, adhesion layer, pipe, external reinforcement system, polymer composites, tensile strength

The article presents a comparative characteristic of the cities of Izhevsk and Khabarovsk according to different criteria, an assessment of atmospheric air quality according to the atmospheric pollution index (ISA) and its dynamics, and an improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP) is calculated. According to most indicators, the cities are very similar and comparable, with the exception of emissions from stationary sources, which are 3-4 times higher in Khabarovsk. The UMP of the city of Izhevsk corresponds to a zone with favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities, however, the indicators are close to the boundary of this criterion (UMP ≥ 3.5), in the city of Khabarovsk favorable conditions for the dispersion of impurities. This explains why, with emissions many times higher, the emissions in both cities are at comparable levels.

Keywords: atmospheric Pollution Index (ISA), improved atmospheric dispersion index (UMP), pollution, atmosphere, sustainable development

The article presents results of self-compacting concrete with microsilica and grinded concrete crush additive study. The work presents concrete mix designes and mechanical tests results.Found that with the use of complex additive it is possible to obtain concrete of class B80 with a strength of at least 60 MPa after 7 days of hardening under normal conditions. High frost resistance of such concrete is noted. Concluded the possibility of complex additive application and potential advantages of its usage in self-compacting concrete.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, silica, active mineral additives, concrete crushing screening, concrete, concrete scrap, finely ground filler, secondary filler, construction waste, determination of mechanical characteristics of concrete, high-strength concrete

Indirect reinforcement can significantly increase the strength and deformation characteristics of concrete. For the compressed zone of reinforced concrete beams, one of the most effective options for indirect reinforcement is transverse welded mesh. At the same time, the current regulatory documents still have a number of gaps in the methodology for calculating such structures. The article presents experimental data and calculation results for three series of reinforced concrete beams with indirect reinforcement of the compressed zone. Based on the calculation results, the shortcomings of the normative methodology are shown when performing calculations within the framework of the theory of limit states and assigning design values ​​for the strength of concrete with indirect reinforcement. Conclusions are drawn about the necessary sequence for calculating the design strength and deformation characteristics of concrete with indirect reinforcement.

Keywords: indirect reinforcement, beam, welded mesh, volumetric stress state, nonlinear deformation model, stress-strain diagram

The paper presents the results of experiments on the production of a composite material using small-lump wood waste based on soft wood varieties and waste products from non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride. An additional component of the raw material mixture was methylene chloride, in which polymer waste was dissolved. The solution was mixed with the filler, and then the solvent was pressed and removed at its boiling point. It is established that an increase in the degree of filling of the studied material contributes to the formation of a developed porous structure. The effect of increased porosity on the main operational properties, primarily thermal conductivity and water resistance, has been revealed. It is determined that the degree of filling, equal to 55 wt. %, makes it possible to obtain a material with the most effective combination of values of basic properties for use as a building thermal insulation. The practical application of the results of the work makes it possible to produce a low-cost thermal insulation material due to the joint disposal of heterogeneous waste.

Keywords: polymer composite material, thermal insulation material, polymer waste, wood waste, polyvinyl chloride, methylene chloride

The possibility of using expanded perlite dust (RUNWAY) in cement binder systems is being considered. A method for modifying the binder by joint mechanical activation of Portland cement, alumosilicate waste and hyperplasticizer is presented. The physico-chemical features of the modified runway make it possible to regulate the processes of hydration, phase formation, as well as the formation of the structural matrix of the composite. The compressive strength of the binder using RUNWAY as an active mineral additive increases by 36% with a decrease in density.

Keywords: technogenic raw materials, perlite, binder, dispersion, modification, mechanical activation, hydration, structure formation, phase formation, resource conservation